Struts数据效验

时间:2021-10-20 19:22:21

表单数据的验证:

前台验证:主要是通过JS验证, 表达数据是否合法!

后台验证:通过后台java代码进行验证!

Struts也提供了数据效验的方式!

Struts数据效验, 通过拦截器完成:

 <interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>

代码方式验证Action中所有的方法:

步骤:

1. 搭建struts环境

2. login.jsp

3.UserAction.java

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
	<!-- 修改struts标签默认的样式: 不让换行
	<style type="text/css">
	ul{
		display: inline;
	}
	ul li{
		display: inline;
		color: red;
	}
	</style>
	-->
  </head>

  <body>
  	<%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>

  	<br/>

  	 <form method="post" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/vuser_register">
  	 	用户名:<input type="text" name="user.userName">
  	 	 		<s:fielderror fieldName="user.userName"></s:fielderror>
  	 	<br/>
  	 	密码:<input type="text" name="user.pwd">
  	 			<s:fielderror fieldName="user.pwd"></s:fielderror>
  	 	<br/>
  	 	邮箱:<input type="text" name="user.email"><br/>
  	 	生日:<input type="text" name="user.birth"><br/>
  	 	<input type="submit" value="注册"><br/>
  	 </form>
  </body>
</html>

User类

package com.gqx.validate;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {

	private String userName;
	private String pwd;
	private String email;
	private Date birth;
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getPwd() {
		return pwd;
	}
	public void setPwd(String pwd) {
		this.pwd = pwd;
	}
	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}
	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}
	public Date getBirth() {
		return birth;
	}
	public void setBirth(Date birth) {
		this.birth = birth;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [birth=" + birth + ", email=" + email + ", pwd=" + pwd
				+ ", userName=" + userName + "]";
	}

}

UserAction.java

package com.gqx.validate;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**
 * 注意:如果要想用struts的数据效验功能,必须继承ActionSupport或实现相关接口
 * @author GQXing
 *
 */
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
	//封装数据
	private User user=new User();
	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	@Override
	public void validate() {
		// 用户名非空
		if (user.getUserName() == null || "".equals(user.getUserName())) {
			// 保存错误信息
			super.addFieldError("userName", "用户名必须填写!");
		}
		// 密码
		if (user.getPwd() == null || "".equals(user.getPwd())) {
			super.addFieldError("pwd", "密码必填");
		}
	}

	// 业务方法
	public String register() {
		System.out.println(user);
		return SUCCESS;
	}

	// 列表展示(不用数据效验)
	public String list() {
		return SUCCESS;
	}

}

也可以对指定方法进行验证,如只对register方法验证,而不对list方法验证

package com.gqx.validate;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**
 * 注意:如果要想用struts的数据效验功能,必须继承ActionSupport或实现相关接口
 * @author GQXing
 *
 */
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
	//封装数据
	private User user=new User();
	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void validateRegister() {
		// 用户名非空
		if (user.getUserName() == null || "".equals(user.getUserName())) {
			// 保存错误信息
			super.addFieldError("userName", "用户名必须填写!");
		}
		// 密码
		if (user.getPwd() == null || "".equals(user.getPwd())) {
			super.addFieldError("pwd", "密码必填");
		}
	}

	// 业务方法
	public String register() {
		System.out.println(user);
		return SUCCESS;
	}

	// 列表展示(不用数据效验)
	public String list() {
		return SUCCESS;
	}

}

XML方式验证Action中所有的方法:

繁琐,设计很多重复的验证逻辑!例如:非空验证、数值验证、email、日期等。

Struts对于常用的验证,进行了封装,即提供了验证器, 验证指定的常用业务逻辑!

Struts提供的所有验证器——路径:xwork-core-2.3.4.1.jar/com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators/default.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator Definition 1.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-definition-1.0.dtd">

<!-- START SNIPPET: validators-default -->
<validators>
    <validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>
    <validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="long" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.LongRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="short" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ShortRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>
    <validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>
    <validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>
  <validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="conditionalvisitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator"/>
</validators>
<!--  END SNIPPET: validators-default -->

如果写xml,从而定义验证规则:

1)XML文件名称语法: ActionClassName-validation.xml

注意:此xml需要与当期要验证的action在同一个目录:

举例:UserAction-validation.xml

2) 写XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
 		"-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
 		"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">

<validators>
	<!-- 验证Email -->
	<field name="user.email">
		<field-validator type="email">
			<message>邮箱格式错误!</message>
		</field-validator>
	</field>
	<!-- 验证的每一个字段用field表示 -->
	<field name="user.userName">
		<!-- 指定使用的验证器 -->
		<field-validator type="requiredstring">
			<!-- 验证失败的错误提示信息 -->
			<message>用户名不能为空!</message>
		</field-validator>
	</field>

	<!-- 验证pwd -->
	<field name="user.pwd">

		<!-- 非空 -->
		<field-validator type="requiredstring">
			<message>密码不能为空!</message>
		</field-validator>

		<!-- 长度 -->
		<field-validator type="stringlength">
			<param name="minLength">6</param>
			<param name="maxLength">8</param>
			<message>密码必须为6-8位!</message>
		</field-validator>
	</field>

	<!-- 验证日期 -->
	<field name="user.birth">
		<field-validator type="date">
			<message>日期格式不对!</message>
		</field-validator>
	</field>

</validators> 		

Struts数据效验

XML方式验证Action中指定的方法:

与上面xml验证方式大致相同: 验证xml文件内容不变;

文件命名:

语法:ActionClassName-ActionName-validation.xml

举例:UserAction-user_register-validation.xml

验证UserAction中的register方法

验证总结

代码:

重写validate()   ,  验证action所有方法

Validate方法名(),  验证指定“方法名”的方法

Xml:

验证所有方法: ActionClassName-validation.xml

验证指定方法: ActionClassName-actionName-validation.xml

代码验证,

比较灵活,可以满足所有的需求.

比较繁琐,要写重复的验证判断逻辑!

适合: 表单字段较少的情况用!

XML验证:

通用,但不够灵活; 可以验证特定简单的业务。

适合: 验证表单字段较多,可以大大简化代码!

(配置文件过多)