在配置servlet不同路径时遇上以下两个错误：
java.lang.nosuchmethoderror: javax.servlet.servletcontext.getvirtualservername()ljava/lang/string；
java.lang.classnotfoundexception: org.apache.jsp.index_jsp；
对于第一个问题，我上网查阅了很多资料后发现，可能是tomcat版本冲突导致，catalina log如下：
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.175 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log server version: apache tomcat/8.5.28
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.175 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log server built: feb 6 2018 23:10:25 utc
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.175 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log server number: 8.5.28.0
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log os name: windows 7
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log os version: 6.1
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log architecture: x86
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log java home: c:\program files\java\jdk1.8.0_141\jre
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log jvm version: 1.8.0_141-b15
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log jvm vendor: oracle corporation
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log catalina_base: f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log catalina_home: f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -djava.util.logging.config.file=f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28\conf\logging.properties
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.classloaderlogmanager
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -djdk.tls.ephemeraldhkeysize=2048
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -dignore.endorsed.dirs=
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -dcatalina.base=f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -dcatalina.home=f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.versionloggerlistener.log command line argument: -djava.io.tmpdir=f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28\temp
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.191 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.aprlifecyclelistener.lifecycleevent loaded apr based apache tomcat native library [1.2.16] using apr version [1.6.3].
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.206 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.aprlifecyclelistener.lifecycleevent apr capabilities: ipv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.206 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.aprlifecyclelistener.lifecycleevent apr/openssl configuration: useaprconnector [false], useopenssl [true]
19-feb-2018 08:26:44.830 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.aprlifecyclelistener.initializessl openssl successfully initialized [openssl 1.0.2m 2 nov 2017]
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.080 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol.init initializing protocolhandler ["http-nio-8080"]
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.517 信息 [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioselectorpool.getsharedselector using a shared selector for servlet write/read
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.581 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol.init initializing protocolhandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.597 信息 [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioselectorpool.getsharedselector using a shared selector for servlet write/read
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.597 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.catalina.load initialization processed in 2422 ms
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.643 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.standardservice.startinternal starting service [catalina]
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.643 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.standardengine.startinternal starting servlet engine: apache tomcat/8.5.28
19-feb-2018 08:26:45.675 信息 [localhost-startstop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig.deploydirectory deploying web application directory [f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28\webapps\docs]
19-feb-2018 08:26:46.423 信息 [localhost-startstop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig.deploydirectory deployment of web application directory [f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28\webapps\docs] has finished in [748] ms
19-feb-2018 08:26:46.423 信息 [localhost-startstop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig.deploydirectory deploying web application directory [f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28\webapps\examples]
19-feb-2018 08:26:47.059 严重 [localhost-startstop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.containerbase.addchildinternal containerbase.addchild: start:
org.apache.catalina.lifecycleexception: failed to start component [standardengine[catalina].standardhost[localhost].standardcontext[/examples]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.lifecyclebase.start(lifecyclebase.java:167)
at org.apache.catalina.core.containerbase.addchildinternal(containerbase.java:752)
at org.apache.catalina.core.containerbase.addchild(containerbase.java:728)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardhost.addchild(standardhost.java:734)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig.deploydirectory(hostconfig.java:1141)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig$deploydirectory.run(hostconfig.java:1875)
at java.util.concurrent.executors$runnableadapter.call(executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.futuretask.run(futuretask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:748)
caused by: org.apache.catalina.lifecycleexception: failed to start component [pipeline[standardengine[catalina].standardhost[localhost].standardcontext[/examples]]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.lifecyclebase.start(lifecyclebase.java:167)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardcontext.startinternal(standardcontext.java:5125)
at org.apache.catalina.util.lifecyclebase.start(lifecyclebase.java:150)
... 10 more
caused by: org.apache.catalina.lifecycleexception: failed to start component [org.apache.catalina.authenticator.formauthenticator[/examples]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.lifecyclebase.start(lifecyclebase.java:167)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardpipeline.startinternal(standardpipeline.java:182)
at org.apache.catalina.util.lifecyclebase.start(lifecyclebase.java:150)
... 12 more
caused by: java.lang.nosuchmethoderror: javax.servlet.servletcontext.getvirtualservername()ljava/lang/string;
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.authenticatorbase.startinternal(authenticatorbase.java:1186)
at org.apache.catalina.util.lifecyclebase.start(lifecyclebase.java:150)
... 14 more
19-feb-2018 08:26:47.075 严重 [localhost-startstop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig.deploydirectory error deploying web application directory [f:\apache-tomcat-8.5.28\webapps\examples]
java.lang.illegalstateexception: containerbase.addchild: start: org.apache.catalina.lifecycleexception: failed to start component [standardengine[catalina].standardhost[localhost].standardcontext[/examples]]
at org.apache.catalina.core.containerbase.addchildinternal(containerbase.java:756)
at org.apache.catalina.core.containerbase.addchild(containerbase.java:728)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardhost.addchild(standardhost.java:734)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig.deploydirectory(hostconfig.java:1141)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.hostconfig$deploydirectory.run(hostconfig.java:1875)
at java.util.concurrent.executors$runnableadapter.call(executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.futuretask.run(futuretask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:748)
我先试着删除其他tomcat版本，重新配置tomcat环境变量并重新部署tomcat。发现并没有解决问题，再次上网查阅，发现getcontextpath()在servlet2.5特有。于是试着删除原先jar包中的servlet-api.jar,然后重新部署项目。发现了第二个问题，log如下：
19-feb-2018 09:59:51.534 严重 [http-nio-8080-exec-3] org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke servlet.service() for servlet [jsp] in context with path [/happy] threw exception [java.lang.classnotfoundexception: org.apache.jsp.index_jsp] with root cause
java.lang.classnotfoundexception: org.apache.jsp.index_jsp
at java.net.urlclassloader.findclass(urlclassloader.java:381)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jasperloader.loadclass(jasperloader.java:129)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jasperloader.loadclass(jasperloader.java:60)
at org.apache.catalina.core.defaultinstancemanager.newinstance(defaultinstancemanager.java:159)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jspservletwrapper.getservlet(jspservletwrapper.java:171)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jspservletwrapper.service(jspservletwrapper.java:380)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jspservlet.servicejspfile(jspservlet.java:386)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jspservlet.service(jspservlet.java:330)
at javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:847)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:231)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.wsfilter.dofilter(wsfilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke(standardwrappervalve.java:199)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardcontextvalve.invoke(standardcontextvalve.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardhostvalve.invoke(standardhostvalve.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.errorreportvalve.invoke(errorreportvalve.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.abstractaccesslogvalve.invoke(abstractaccesslogvalve.java:650)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardenginevalve.invoke(standardenginevalve.java:87)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.coyoteadapter.service(coyoteadapter.java:342)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.http11processor.service(http11processor.java:803)
at org.apache.coyote.abstractprocessorlight.process(abstractprocessorlight.java:66)
at org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol$connectionhandler.process(abstractprotocol.java:790)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioendpoint$socketprocessor.dorun(nioendpoint.java:1459)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.socketprocessorbase.run(socketprocessorbase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:624)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.taskthread$wrappingrunnable.run(taskthread.java:61)
at java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:748)
19-feb-2018 10:03:45.289 严重 [http-nio-8080-exec-1] org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke servlet.service() for servlet [jsp] in context with path [/happy] threw exception [unable to compile class for jsp] with root cause
java.lang.classnotfoundexception: com.sun.el.expressionfactoryimpl
at org.apache.catalina.loader.webappclassloaderbase.loadclass(webappclassloaderbase.java:1291)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.webappclassloaderbase.loadclass(webappclassloaderbase.java:1119)
at javax.el.factoryfinder.newinstance(factoryfinder.java:83)
at javax.el.factoryfinder.find(factoryfinder.java:193)
at javax.el.expressionfactory.newinstance(expressionfactory.java:185)
at javax.el.expressionfactory.newinstance(expressionfactory.java:156)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.pageinfo.<init>(pageinfo.java:80)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.compiler.generatejava(compiler.java:117)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.compiler.compile(compiler.java:374)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.compiler.compile(compiler.java:351)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.compiler.compile(compiler.java:335)
at org.apache.jasper.jspcompilationcontext.compile(jspcompilationcontext.java:595)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jspservletwrapper.service(jspservletwrapper.java:368)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jspservlet.servicejspfile(jspservlet.java:386)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.jspservlet.service(jspservlet.java:330)
at javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:847)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:231)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.wsfilter.dofilter(wsfilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke(standardwrappervalve.java:199)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardcontextvalve.invoke(standardcontextvalve.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardhostvalve.invoke(standardhostvalve.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.errorreportvalve.invoke(errorreportvalve.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.abstractaccesslogvalve.invoke(abstractaccesslogvalve.java:650)
at org.apache.catalina.core.standardenginevalve.invoke(standardenginevalve.java:87)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.coyoteadapter.service(coyoteadapter.java:342)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.http11processor.service(http11processor.java:803)
at org.apache.coyote.abstractprocessorlight.process(abstractprocessorlight.java:66)
at org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol$connectionhandler.process(abstractprotocol.java:790)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioendpoint$socketprocessor.dorun(nioendpoint.java:1459)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.socketprocessorbase.run(socketprocessorbase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:624)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.taskthread$wrappingrunnable.run(taskthread.java:61)
at java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:748)
再次查阅资料，发现是缺少jar包。因为jdk1.8的扩展jar包里没有servlet相关api，故idea会导入失败。
此时需要导入jar包，之前我是下载相关api
然后放到下图目录中
为了防止出现缺少jar包问题，建议直接去tomcat目录下的lib中找到servlet-api.jar，直接复制到ext中。然后再重新部署一下tomcat，问题解决。
总结
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36570768/article/details/79336672