注：本文为作者原创文章，转载于引用请注明出处，谢谢。
今天在x64的英文版Windows Server 2012 r2上安装最新版的 Visual Studio 2015 Exterprise 时，提示需要重新启动：
于是我restart了N次，可还是不行，在网上进行搜索，发现能在日志文件中找到原因，日志文件在C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Local\Temp中，或者直接在安装界面点“日志文件”进入。
参考日志文件的Condition（环境检查）部分：
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i000: MUX: Failed to download the update xml file from http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=500683 Setup will not be updated.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (WindowsBuildNumber < 9600)' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition 'CompatibilityMode = 0' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition 'NOT((VersionNT > v6.1) OR (VersionNT = v6.1 AND ServicePackLevel >= 1))' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '(NOT IsLanguagePack) AND ( CurrentOperation = "Install" ) AND ( FLP_Version > v14.0.22823 )' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition 'RebootPending = 1' evaluates to true.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition 'NOT (IEsvcVersionExists) OR (IEsvcVersion < v10.0)' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '(VersionNT < v6.2) AND ((NetworkAvailable = 0) OR (DisableRootAutoUpdate = 1)) AND NOT ((MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2011RootExists OR MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2011AuthRootExists) AND (MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2010RootExists OR MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2010AuthRootExists))' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND EnterpriseExists )' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND UltimateExists )' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND NOT EnterpriseExists AND ProfessionalExists)' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (KB2919355_amd64_CurrentState <> 112 AND KB2919355_x86_CurrentState <> 112)' evaluates to false.
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition '(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (netfxfullredist_43_DetectKey < v4.5.22816)' evaluates to false.
发现当VS进行安装前的环境检查时，当结果为 false 时代表检查通过，结果为 true 时代表没有通过安装环境检查。
日志中显示没有通过检查的有：
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition 'RebootPending = 1' evaluates to true.
这个'RebootPending = 1'代表系统需要重启，可问题是：我重启了之后RebootPending还是等于1，这就是问题之所在。
于是，在网上寻找各种关于'RebootPending = 1'的解决方案，归结于以下几种：
- 重启直接选择 restart 而不是 shut down 再开机。
- 关闭系统的休眠功能：管理员模式运行命令行，输入powercfg.exe /hibernate off 进行关闭休眠。关闭休眠后等于关闭了 win8 及以上系统的快速启动功能，这样能使得系统能真正地重启，而不是休眠之后快速启动。
- 在注册表中将键值HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Updates\UpdateExeVolatile 设为0；将键 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\PendingFileRenameOperations 删除。
在尝试以上方法之后，有可能解决一部分人的问题，可偏偏我就是另外一部分，特别是连键值HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Updates\UpdateExeVolatile 都找不到。
网上能找的都找了，花了好几个小时，没办法，只能换一种思路：
新思路：既然你要检查系统是否需要重新启动，那我是否能伪造一种不需要重新启动的状态给你看？
于是寻找目前检查系统重启状态的方法，发现如下方案：
以及它的参考：
https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Get-PendingReboot-Query-bdb79542
其中使用的是 Windows power shell 对注册表进行读取、判断，从而确定 RebootPending 的值。代码如下：
Function Get-PendingReboot
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the pending reboot status on a local or remote computer.
.DESCRIPTION
This function will query the registry on a local or remote computer and determine if the
system is pending a reboot, from either Microsoft Patching or a Software Installation.
For Windows 2008+ the function will query the CBS registry key as another factor in determining
pending reboot state. "PendingFileRenameOperations" and "Auto Update\RebootRequired" are observed
as being consistant across Windows Server 2003 & 2008.
CBServicing = Component Based Servicing (Windows 2008)
WindowsUpdate = Windows Update / Auto Update (Windows 2003 / 2008)
CCMClientSDK = SCCM 2012 Clients only (DetermineIfRebootPending method) otherwise $null value
PendFileRename = PendingFileRenameOperations (Windows 2003 / 2008)
.PARAMETER ComputerName
A single Computer or an array of computer names. The default is localhost ($env:COMPUTERNAME).
.PARAMETER ErrorLog
A single path to send error data to a log file.
.EXAMPLE
PS C:\> Get-PendingReboot -ComputerName (Get-Content C:\ServerList.txt) | Format-Table -AutoSize
Computer CBServicing WindowsUpdate CCMClientSDK PendFileRename PendFileRenVal RebootPending
-------- ----------- ------------- ------------ -------------- -------------- -------------
DC01 False False False False
DC02 False False False False
FS01 False False False False
This example will capture the contents of C:\ServerList.txt and query the pending reboot
information from the systems contained in the file and display the output in a table. The
null values are by design, since these systems do not have the SCCM 2012 client installed,
nor was the PendingFileRenameOperations value populated.
.EXAMPLE
PS C:\> Get-PendingReboot
Computer : WKS01
CBServicing : False
WindowsUpdate : True
CCMClient : False
PendComputerRename : False
PendFileRename : False
PendFileRenVal :
RebootPending : True
This example will query the local machine for pending reboot information.
.EXAMPLE
PS C:\> $Servers = Get-Content C:\Servers.txt
PS C:\> Get-PendingReboot -Computer $Servers | Export-Csv C:\PendingRebootReport.csv -NoTypeInformation
This example will create a report that contains pending reboot information.
.LINK
Component-Based Servicing:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc756291(v=WS.10).aspx
PendingFileRename/Auto Update:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2723674
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc960241.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/hansr/archive/2006/02/17/patchreboot.aspx
SCCM 2012/CCM_ClientSDK:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj902723.aspx
.NOTES
Author: Brian Wilhite
Email: bcwilhite (at) live.com
Date: 29AUG2012
PSVer: 2.0/3.0/4.0/5.0
Updated: 01DEC2014
UpdNote: Added CCMClient property - Used with SCCM 2012 Clients only
Added ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true to the ComputerName Parameter
Removed $Data variable from the PSObject - it is not needed
Bug with the way CCMClientSDK returned null value if it was false
Removed unneeded variables
Added PendFileRenVal - Contents of the PendingFileRenameOperations Reg Entry
Removed .Net Registry connection, replaced with WMI StdRegProv
Added ComputerPendingRename
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Position=0,ValueFromPipeline=$true,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true)]
[Alias("CN","Computer")]
[String[]]$ComputerName="$env:COMPUTERNAME",
[String]$ErrorLog
)
Begin { }## End Begin Script Block
Process {
Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) {
Try {
## Setting pending values to false to cut down on the number of else statements
$CompPendRen,$PendFileRename,$Pending,$SCCM = $false,$false,$false,$false
## Setting CBSRebootPend to null since not all versions of Windows has this value
$CBSRebootPend = $null
## Querying WMI for build version
$WMI_OS = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -Property BuildNumber, CSName -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Stop
## Making registry connection to the local/remote computer
$HKLM = [UInt32] "0x80000002"
$WMI_Reg = [WMIClass] "\\$Computer\root\default:StdRegProv"
## If Vista/2008 & Above query the CBS Reg Key
If ([Int32]$WMI_OS.BuildNumber -ge 6001) {
$RegSubKeysCBS = $WMI_Reg.EnumKey($HKLM,"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Component Based Servicing\")
$CBSRebootPend = $RegSubKeysCBS.sNames -contains "RebootPending"
}
## Query WUAU from the registry
$RegWUAURebootReq = $WMI_Reg.EnumKey($HKLM,"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update\")
$WUAURebootReq = $RegWUAURebootReq.sNames -contains "RebootRequired"
## Query PendingFileRenameOperations from the registry
$RegSubKeySM = $WMI_Reg.GetMultiStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\","PendingFileRenameOperations")
$RegValuePFRO = $RegSubKeySM.sValue
## Query ComputerName and ActiveComputerName from the registry
$ActCompNm = $WMI_Reg.GetStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ActiveComputerName\","ComputerName")
$CompNm = $WMI_Reg.GetStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName\","ComputerName")
If ($ActCompNm -ne $CompNm) {
$CompPendRen = $true
}
## If PendingFileRenameOperations has a value set $RegValuePFRO variable to $true
If ($RegValuePFRO) {
$PendFileRename = $true
}
## Determine SCCM 2012 Client Reboot Pending Status
## To avoid nested 'if' statements and unneeded WMI calls to determine if the CCM_ClientUtilities class exist, setting EA = 0
$CCMClientSDK = $null
$CCMSplat = @{
NameSpace='ROOT\ccm\ClientSDK'
Class='CCM_ClientUtilities'
Name='DetermineIfRebootPending'
ComputerName=$Computer
ErrorAction='Stop'
}
## Try CCMClientSDK
Try {
$CCMClientSDK = Invoke-WmiMethod @CCMSplat
} Catch [System.UnauthorizedAccessException] {
$CcmStatus = Get-Service -Name CcmExec -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
If ($CcmStatus.Status -ne 'Running') {
Write-Warning "$Computer`: Error - CcmExec service is not running."
$CCMClientSDK = $null
}
} Catch {
$CCMClientSDK = $null
}
If ($CCMClientSDK) {
If ($CCMClientSDK.ReturnValue -ne 0) {
Write-Warning "Error: DetermineIfRebootPending returned error code $($CCMClientSDK.ReturnValue)"
}
If ($CCMClientSDK.IsHardRebootPending -or $CCMClientSDK.RebootPending) {
$SCCM = $true
}
}
Else {
$SCCM = $null
}
## Creating Custom PSObject and Select-Object Splat
$SelectSplat = @{
Property=(
'Computer',
'CBServicing',
'WindowsUpdate',
'CCMClientSDK',
'PendComputerRename',
'PendFileRename',
'PendFileRenVal',
'RebootPending'
)}
New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
Computer=$WMI_OS.CSName
CBServicing=$CBSRebootPend
WindowsUpdate=$WUAURebootReq
CCMClientSDK=$SCCM
PendComputerRename=$CompPendRen
PendFileRename=$PendFileRename
PendFileRenVal=$RegValuePFRO
RebootPending=($CompPendRen -or $CBSRebootPend -or $WUAURebootReq -or $SCCM -or $PendFileRename)
} | Select-Object @SelectSplat
} Catch {
Write-Warning "$Computer`: $_"
## If $ErrorLog, log the file to a user specified location/path
If ($ErrorLog) {
Out-File -InputObject "$Computer`,$_" -FilePath $ErrorLog -Append
}
}
}## End Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName)
}## End Process
End { }## End End
}## End Function Get-PendingReboot
发现其对一下几个主键进行读取：
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Component Based Servicing\RebootPending
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update\RebootRequired
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\PendingFileRenameOperations
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ActiveComputerName\ComputerName
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName\ComputerName
于是我开始寻找这些主键：
- 第一个没找到，尝试删除之下的 SessionsPending ，被拒绝；
- 找到了第二个对应的 RebootRequired ，里头有东西，备份后删除之；
- 找到第三个对应的 PendingFileRenameOperations ，同样删除之；
没有重启的情况下尝试重新安装，成功进入安装环节！
吁~忙了一下午，终于搞定！
此时联想到之前装完系统更新时提示要重启，可后来重启过后还是要求重启，当时也没注意，没想到又给碰上了，真是缘分！
到此为止，事情可远远没有结束，明天用VS调试CEC2014程序导致MATLAB调用func19~30崩溃的问题，估计又得一整天了……还有POWELL法和DE的结合测试，想着就头皮发麻……自己选的路，喊着泪也得走下去哇
最后，原此篇文章能帮到更多的人！
