1. 禁用不使用的用户
cp /etc/passwd{,.bak}修改之前先备份
vi /etc/passwd编辑用户,在前面加上#注释掉此行
# cat /etc/passwd|grep ^#
#adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
#lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
#shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
#halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
#uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
#operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
#games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
#gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
#ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
#nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
#postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
# cat /etc/group|grep ^#
#adm:x:4:adm,daemon
#lp:x:7:daemon
#uucp:x:14:
#games:x:20:
#gopher:x:30:
#video:x:39:
#dip:x:40:
#ftp:x:50:
#audio:x:63:
#floppy:x:19:
#postfix:x:89:
2. 关闭不使用的服务
# chkconfig --list |grep '3:on'
通用unix打印服务,对服务器无用:
```shell
service cups stop
chkconfig cups --level 2345 off
service cpuspeed stop
chkconfig cpuspeed --level 2345 off
service bluetooth stop
chkconfig bluetooth --level 2345 off
service firstboot stop
chkconfig firstboot --level 2345 off
service netfs stop
chkconfig netfs --level 2345 off
service nfslock stop
chkconfig nfslock --level 2345 off
service acpid start && chkconfig acpid on
3. 禁用IPV6
禁止加载IPv6模块
alias net-pf-10 off
options ipv6 disable=1
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
# chkconfig ip6tables off
# lsmod | grep ipv6
# ifconfig | grep -i inet6
4. iptables规则
5. SSH安全设置
# useradd crm -d /apps/crm
# passwd crm
# useradd sysmgr
# passwd sysmgr
5.1 只允许wheel用户组的用户su切换
# usermod -G wheel sysmgr
# vi /etc/pam.d/su
# Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the "wheel" group.
auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid
5.2 登录超时
export TMOUT=300
readonly TMOUT
5.3 禁止root直接远程登录
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin no
5.4 限制登录失败次数并锁定
auth required pam_tally2.so deny=6 unlock_time=180 even_deny_root root_unlock_time=180
5.5 登录IP限制
## allowed ssh users sysmgr
AllowUsers sysmgr@172.29.73.*
vi /etc/hosts.deny
sshd:all
vi /etc/hosts.allow
sshd:172.29.73.23
sshd:172.29.73.
6. 配置只能使用密钥文件登录
[dir@username ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): //默认路径,回车
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): //输入你的密钥短语,登录时使用
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
3e:fd:fc:e5:d3:22:86:8e:2c:4b:a7:3d:92:18:9f:64 root@ibpak.tp-link.net
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| |
…
| o++o..oo..o|
+-----------------+
$ mv ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
Match User itsection
PasswordAuthentication no
7. 减少history命令记录
vi /etc/profile
8. 增强特殊文件权限
chattr +i /etc/passwd
chattr +i /etc/shadow
chattr +i /etc/group
chattr +i /etc/gshadow
chattr +i /etc/services #给系统服务端口列表文件加锁,防止未经许可的删除或添加服务
chattr +i /etc/pam.d/su
chattr +i /etc/ssh/sshd_config
lsattr /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/services /etc/ssh/sshd_config
9. 防止一般网络攻击
9.1 禁ping
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -s 0/0 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j DROP
9.2. 防止IP欺骗
order hosts,bind #名称解释顺序
multi on #允许主机拥有多个IP地址
nospoof on #禁止IP地址欺骗
9.3 防止DoS攻击
* soft core 0
* soft nproc 2048
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
core 0表示禁止创建core文件
nproc 128把最多的进程数限制到20
nofile 64表示把一个用户同时打开的最大文件数限制为64
*表示登录到系统的所有用户,不包括root
session required pam_limits.so
10. 修复已知安全漏洞
11. 定期做日志安全检查
/var/log/message– 记录系统日志或当前活动日志
/var/log/auth.log– 身份认证日志
/var/log/cron– Crond 日志 (cron 任务)
/var/log/maillog– 邮件服务器日志
/var/log/secure– 认证日志
/var/log/wtmp历史登录、注销、启动、停机日志和,lastb命令可以查看登录失败的用户
/var/run/utmp当前登录的用户信息日志,w、who命令的信息便来源与此
/var/log/yum.logYum 日志