google 在Android 5.0推出 Camera2 这个类,用于替换 Camera,但是Camera2要求android sdk 最低版本为 minSdkVersion = 21 (5.0系统),所以Camera2 还不能完全替换 Camera,在兼容低版本的时候,还是需要两者一起协同开发。下面我来说一下 Camera 的拍摄例子:
首先需要在xml 上布局一个 SurfaceView 设置全屏
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/surfaceView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
同时也把状态栏和titleBar隐藏了:
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);// 去掉标题栏
getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,
WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);// 设置全屏
然后获取SurfacView 实例以及其持有者SurfaceHolder,接入SurfaceHolder.Callback回调,
mSurfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
mSurfaceHolder = mSurfaceView.getHolder();// 取得holder
mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(this); // holder加入回调接口
mSurfaceHolder.setKeepScreenOn(true);
SurfaceHolder.Callback会在页面Actvity 初始化完毕后调用,则在回调的surfaceChanged初始化Camera,也就是打开预览页面:
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
if (mCamera != null) {
freeCameraResource();
} try {
mCamera = Camera.open();
if (mCamera == null)
return;
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
parameters = mCamera.getParameters();// 获得相机参数 List<Camera.Size> mSupportedPreviewSizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
List<Camera.Size> mSupportedVideoSizes = parameters.getSupportedVideoSizes();
optimalSize = CameraHelper.getOptimalVideoSize(mSupportedVideoSizes,
mSupportedPreviewSizes, height, width); parameters.setPreviewSize(optimalSize.width, optimalSize.height); // 设置预览图像大小 parameters.set("orientation", "portrait");
List<String> focusModes = parameters.getSupportedFocusModes();
if (focusModes.contains("continuous-video")) {
parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO);
}
mFpsRange = parameters.getSupportedPreviewFpsRange(); mCamera.setParameters(parameters);// 设置相机参数
mCamera.startPreview();// 开始预览 }catch (Exception io){
io.printStackTrace();
}
}
该方法返回了SurfaceView的宽与高,根据给出的尺寸与宽高比例,获取一个最适配的预览尺寸,你先看下面有两个参数:
List<Camera.Size> mSupportedPreviewSizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
List<Camera.Size> mSupportedVideoSizes = parameters.getSupportedVideoSizes();
这两个队列分别是 该相机支持的 预览大小(一般就是拍照时照片的大小),另外一个就是支持适配的大小,因为都是队列,说明相机支持很多组尺寸,而且,照片的尺寸与视频的尺寸是不一样的。我debug看了几款手机,通常摄像支持的尺寸少一点,照片会多一些。这样,我们就要通过刚刚方法给出的宽高,获取一个最佳匹配的预览尺寸:
public static Camera.Size getOptimalVideoSize(List<Camera.Size> supportedVideoSizes,
List<Camera.Size> previewSizes, int w, int h) {
// Use a very small tolerance because we want an exact match.
final double ASPECT_TOLERANCE = 0.1;
double targetRatio = (double) w / h; // Supported video sizes list might be null, it means that we are allowed to use the preview
// sizes
List<Camera.Size> videoSizes;
if (supportedVideoSizes != null) {
videoSizes = supportedVideoSizes;
} else {
videoSizes = previewSizes;
}
Camera.Size optimalSize = null; // Start with max value and refine as we iterate over available video sizes. This is the
// minimum difference between view and camera height.
double minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE; // Target view height
int targetHeight = h; // Try to find a video size that matches aspect ratio and the target view size.
// Iterate over all available sizes and pick the largest size that can fit in the view and
// still maintain the aspect ratio.
for (Camera.Size size : videoSizes) {
double ratio = (double) size.width / size.height;
if (Math.abs(ratio - targetRatio) > ASPECT_TOLERANCE)
continue;
if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff && previewSizes.contains(size)) {
optimalSize = size;
minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
}
} // Cannot find video size that matches the aspect ratio, ignore the requirement
if (optimalSize == null) {
minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
for (Camera.Size size : videoSizes) {
if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff && previewSizes.contains(size)) {
optimalSize = size;
minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
}
}
}
return optimalSize;
}
该方法是获取最佳的预览与摄像尺寸。然后设置预览图像大小:
parameters.setPreviewSize(optimalSize.width, optimalSize.height);
可以通过获取相机的参数实例,设置里面各种效果,包括刚刚的预览图,前置摄像头,闪光灯等。
parameters = mCamera.getParameters();// 获得相机参数
设置好预览已经相机参数,则打开:
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);// 设置相机参数
mCamera.startPreview();// 开始预览
那么就进入一个预览的拍摄页面了,该页面其实也可以用来做拍照。要想做拍摄,还要实例化MediaRecorder,然后传入camera并初始化相应的参数:
mMediaRecorder.setCamera(mCamera);
mMediaRecorder.setOnErrorListener(this);
mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.DEFAULT );
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);// 视频源 // Use the same size for recording profile.
CamcorderProfile mProfile = CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH);
mProfile.videoFrameWidth = optimalSize.width;
mProfile.videoFrameHeight = optimalSize.height; mMediaRecorder.setProfile(mProfile);
//该设置是为了抽取视频的某些帧,真正录视频的时候,不要设置该参数
// mMediaRecorder.setCaptureRate(mFpsRange.get(0)[0]);//获取最小的每一秒录制的帧数 mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mVecordFile.getAbsolutePath()); mMediaRecorder.prepare();
mMediaRecorder.start();
录完的时候停止,需要重置才能再次使用。
try {
mMediaRecorder.stop();
mMediaRecorder.reset();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
当页面destroy的时候,要记得释放它们:
private void releaseRecord() {
if (mMediaRecorder != null) {
mMediaRecorder.setPreviewDisplay(null);
mMediaRecorder.setOnErrorListener(null);
try {
mMediaRecorder.release();
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
mMediaRecorder = null;
}
闪光灯关闭与开启:
private void flashLightToggle(){
try {
if(isFlashLightOn){
parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
isFlashLightOn = false;
}else {
parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_TORCH);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
isFlashLightOn = true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
前后摄像头切换,就要重新初始化 camera实例:
private void switchCamera(){
Camera.CameraInfo cameraInfo = new Camera.CameraInfo();
int cameraCount = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();//得到摄像头的个数 for(int i = 0; i < cameraCount; i++ ) {
Camera.getCameraInfo(i, cameraInfo);//得到每一个摄像头的信息
if(cameraPosition == 1) {
//现在是后置,变更为前置
if(cameraInfo.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {//代表摄像头的方位,CAMERA_FACING_FRONT前置 CAMERA_FACING_BACK后置
mCamera.stopPreview();//停掉原来摄像头的预览
mCamera.release();//释放资源
mCamera = null;//取消原来摄像头
mCamera = Camera.open(i);//打开当前选中的摄像头
try {
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);//通过surfaceview显示取景画面
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);// 设置相机参数
mCamera.startPreview();//开始预览
cameraPosition = 0;
break;
}
} else {
//现在是前置, 变更为后置
if(cameraInfo.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {//代表摄像头的方位,CAMERA_FACING_FRONT前置 CAMERA_FACING_BACK后置
mCamera.stopPreview();//停掉原来摄像头的预览
mCamera.release();//释放资源
mCamera = null;//取消原来摄像头
mCamera = Camera.open(i);//打开当前选中的摄像头
try {
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);//通过surfaceview显示取景画面
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);// 设置相机参数
mCamera.startPreview();//开始预览
cameraPosition = 1;
break;
}
} }
}
录制时的页面:
这就是使用 camera 来摄像的主要步骤,demo:https://github.com/xiaoxiaoqingyi/android-CameraVideo
如果你想了解 Camera2,你也可以看看google 的 Camera2 官方例子: