找出最短路径
[抄题]:
Given two words (beginWord and endWord), and a dictionary's word list, find the length of shortest transformation sequence from beginWord to endWord, such that:
- Only one letter can be changed at a time.
- Each transformed word must exist in the word list. Note that beginWord is not a transformed word.
For example,
Given:
beginWord = "hit"
endWord = "cog"
wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log","cog"]
As one shortest transformation is "hit" -> "hot" -> "dot" -> "dog" -> "cog"
,
return its length 5
.
[思维问题]:
不知道怎么处理字符串:在字典中搜索即可
[一句话思路]:
BFS求最短即可
[输入量]:空: 正常情况:特大:特小:程序里处理到的特殊情况:异常情况(不合法不合理的输入):
[画图]:
[一刷]:
- nextWord.equals(end),如果nextWord到了头,直接返回数组长度length
- s.toCharArray();可以把字符串转为字符,拆成很多字符后char要加s
[二刷]:
- 往dict哈希表中添加数组要用简写
- 首尾单词相等时返回1,用表示不需要变
- queue hash都需要先把第一个字符串加进去, word和末尾相等时返回length, 下一个单词用nextWord区别
- 主函数加个默认返回值=0
- nextWords可能有很多,需要新建字符串数组 如果c和第i位字母相同,就不用换了
- Queue要用链表Linkedlist来实现
- BFS需要先把queue.size()单独取出来
- length++;应该在i循环以外,防止循环内不合格 多加1
[三刷]:
- word和末尾相等时返回length(否则length都不会变),需要新建字符串数组 如果c和第i位字母相同,就不用换了
- 初始参数dict中没有start end,要自己加
[四刷]:
[五刷]:
[五分钟肉眼debug的结果]:
- 单个字符串取长度用的是word.length(); 不是.size()
[总结]:
用BFS, 规范书写 考虑所有特殊情况
[复杂度]:Time complexity: O(边+点) Space complexity: O(边+点)
[英文数据结构或算法,为什么不用别的数据结构或算法]:
[其他解法]:
[Follow Up]:
[LC给出的题目变变变]:
433. Minimum Genetic Mutation 一模一样的吧
[代码风格] :
String要大写,java是大小写敏感的
public class Solution {
public int ladderLength(String start, String end, List<String> wordList) {
Set<String> dict = new HashSet<>();
for (String word : wordList) {
dict.add(word);
} if (start.equals(end)) {
return 1;
} HashSet<String> hash = new HashSet<String>();
Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<String>();
queue.offer(start);
hash.add(start); int length = 1;
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
length++;
int size = queue.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
String word = queue.poll();
for (String nextWord: getNextWords(word, dict)) {
if (hash.contains(nextWord)) {
continue;
}
if (nextWord.equals(end)) {
return length;
} hash.add(nextWord);
queue.offer(nextWord);
}
}
} return 0;
} // replace character of a string at given index to a given character
// return a new string
private String replace(String s, int index, char c) {
char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
chars[index] = c;
return new String(chars);
} // get connections with given word.
// for example, given word = 'hot', dict = {'hot', 'hit', 'hog'}
// it will return ['hit', 'hog']
private ArrayList<String> getNextWords(String word, Set<String> dict) {
ArrayList<String> nextWords = new ArrayList<String>();
for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
if (c == word.charAt(i)) {
continue;
}
String nextWord = replace(word, i, c);
if (dict.contains(nextWord)) {
nextWords.add(nextWord);
}
}
}
return nextWords;
}
}
找出所有方案中的最短方案
[抄题]:
[思维问题]:
所有-最短:太多
最短-所有:好找
[一句话思路]:
从起点出发BFS求最短,再从终点出发进行DFS求所有方案中有谁最短
[输入量]:空: 正常情况:特大:特小:程序里处理到的特殊情况:异常情况(不合法不合理的输入):
[画图]:
要求每个点到终点的最短距离,不是每个点到起点的最短距离。应选A。
[一刷]:
[二刷]:
[三刷]:
[四刷]:
[五刷]:
[五分钟肉眼debug的结果]:
[总结]:
[复杂度]:Time complexity: O(nlgn for bfs) Space complexity: O(n)
[英文数据结构或算法,为什么不用别的数据结构或算法]:
BFS求最短
[其他解法]:
[Follow Up]:
[LC给出的题目变变变]:
[代码风格] :