Java io 入门

时间:2021-10-31 17:07:09

前言

在曾今的面试中被问到了io流,nio,还有如今经常听到的netty,io流还能答上一点,其他的一概不知怎么回答;

最近在公司也没事干,正好学习到了io流,就来整理一下吧;

这是Java io流的类图,网上很多,我也是截图的网上的

Java io 入门

代码演练

为了直接练习,文中所有涉及到的文件都是先创建好的;

字符流

  • 带有Reader,Writer的都属于字符流

  • 一般是对纯文本进行操作,是以字符为单位读取文本文件,所以以下的实例都是定义的char数组

  • 根据码表映射字符,一次可能读多个字节。

FileReader,FileWriter:

直接对文件操作

        FileReader fileReader=null;
FileWriter fileWriter=null;
File readfile=new File("E:/Javaio"+File.separator+"Javastudy.txt");
File writefile=new File("E:/Javaio/a"+File.separator+"test.txt");
try {
fileReader= new FileReader(readfile);
fileWriter=new FileWriter(writefile);
char[] read=new char[1024];
int len=0;
while ((len=fileReader.read(read))!=-1){
fileWriter.write(read,0,len);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if (fileReader!=null){
fileReader.close();
}
if(fileWriter!=null){
fileWriter.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

BufferedReader,BufferedWriter:

将文件操作的流放入缓冲区,在进行处理

BufferedReader可以对文本一行一行的读取,但是输出的时候需要自己进行隔行,不然数据都会紧紧的挨在一起;

 try {
File reader = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "Javastudy.txt");
File writer = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.txt");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(reader));
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(writer));
char[] read=new char[1024];
int len;
while ((len=bufferedReader.read(read))!=-1){
bufferedWriter.write(read,0,len);
}
/* String line;
while ((line=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
bufferedWriter.write(line);
bufferedWriter.newLine();
}*/
bufferedWriter.flush();
bufferedReader.close();
bufferedWriter.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

注意:这里调用了flush方法,因为改代码段使用了缓冲,缓冲区的数据只有存满了才会自动发送,这里尾存满需,要调用该方法将缓冲区的数据发送出去,不然文本中会没有数据;

InputStreamReader,OutputStreamWriter:

将字节流转换为字符流,在进行处理;

File reader = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "Javastudy.txt");
File writer = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.txt");
try {
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(reader));
OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(writer)); char[] read=new char[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStreamReader.read(read))!=-1){
outputStreamWriter.write(read,0,len );
}
inputStreamReader.close();
outputStreamWriter.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

字节流

FileInputStream,FileOutputStream

直接读文件进行操作

 try {
/* //图片
File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "1.png");
File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "1.png");*/ //音乐
File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "test.mp3");
File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.mp3"); if(outputstream.exists()){
outputstream.createNewFile();
}
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(inputstream);
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputstream); byte[] read=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fileInputStream.read(read))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(read,0,len);
}
fileInputStream.close();
fileOutputStream.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

BufferedInputStream,BufferedOutputStream

将文件操作流放入缓冲区再进行操作

因为是对文件直接操作,所以无法一行一行的读取;也没有那个方法;

  /* //图片
File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "1.png");
File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "1.png");*/ //音乐
File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "test.mp3");
File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.mp3");
if (outputstream.exists()) {
outputstream.createNewFile();
}
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(inputstream));
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outputstream)); byte[] read=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=bufferedInputStream.read(read))!=-1){
bufferedOutputStream.write(read,0,len);
}
bufferedOutputStream.flush();
bufferedInputStream.close();
bufferedOutputStream.close();

注意:这里使用了缓冲,需要调用flush方法;

ObjectOutputStream,ObjectInputStream

将对象持久化到本地TXT文件,注意,在TXT文件中的是二进制代码,并不是乱码;所以不要认为是乱码;

            User user=new User();
user.setUsername("username");
user.setPassword("password");
File out=new File("E:/Javaio/a"+File.separator+"object.txt");
if(out.exists()){
out.createNewFile();
}
ObjectOutputStream outs=new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(out));
outs.writeObject(user);
outs.close(); ObjectInputStream inputStream=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(out));
System.out.println(inputStream.readObject());
inputStream.close();

其他还有很多类和方法没有写,这里只进行入门的操作;代码部分就到这里了;

总结

io流

io流分类

  1. 根据流向来分:输入流和输出流
  2. 根据处理类型来分:字节流和字符流

输入输出流

输入流只能进行读操作,输出流只能进行写操作

字节流和字符流

  • 字节流可以对所有文件进行操作,例如:图片,音乐文件,电影等;字符流只处理文本文档,例如TXT文本,xml,yml等
  • 字节流是以字节为单位,字符流是以字符为单位,可以看到上边的字符流的代码中全是用的char数组,而字节流中全是用的byte数组

参考一

这里面的内容非常详细;