如何在运行时获取文件的内容/类型

I am trying to determine dynamically the content/type of a input file. If I would be in a windows application I could write code like this (from this blog)

我试图动态确定输入文件的内容/类型。如果我在Windows应用程序中，我可以编写这样的代码（来自这个博客）

private string GetContentType(string fileName) {
    string contentType = "application/octetstream";
    string ext = System.IO.Path.GetExtension(fileName).ToLower();
    Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey registryKey = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(ext);
    if (registryKey != null && registryKey.GetValue("Content Type") != null)
        contentType = registryKey.GetValue("Content Type").ToString();
    return contentType;
} 

What other methods are more suitable for an MVC application?

还有哪些其他方法更适合MVC应用程序？

I would like to use the param within the Controller.File(...) method that receive a filepath and a contentype.

我想在Controller.File（...）方法中使用param，它接收文件路径和内容类型。

6 个解决方案

#1

Important note: This answer was written in 2011, a few years before masterwok's answer was written. Whilst my answer is still acceptable, masterwok's answer is better and more concise. Use and upvote that answer instead. Everything below is for posterity.

重要提示：这个答案是在2011年写的，就在masterwok的答案写完之前几年。虽然我的答案仍然可以接受，但是masterwok的答案更好，更简洁。请改为使用和upvote。以下所有内容均适用于后人。

I would just use the file extension rather than try to do something clever that may eventually come back to bite you in the arse. :)

我只是使用文件扩展名而不是尝试做一些聪明的事情，最终可能会回来咬你的屁股。 :)

The file extension doesn't need to be registered on your system (although I don't know exactly what you're doing with the file...). You could use something like an enum or db table which contains information on acceptable extensions if you want to filter out files.

文件扩展名不需要在您的系统上注册（虽然我不知道您正在使用该文件做什么...）。如果要过滤掉文件，可以使用类似于枚举或db表的内容，其中包含有关可接受扩展的信息。

Please see @Tolgahan's idea on this. I created a C# enum below based on this which should provide people with a starting point should they wish to create a db/enum/xml-based approach to this.

请看@Tolgahan的想法。我在下面基于此创建了一个C＃enum，如果他们希望创建一个基于db / enum / xml的方法，那么应该为人们提供一个起点。

Public enum MimeTypes
{
  [Description("application/postscript")]
  ai,
  [Description("audio/x-aiff")]
  aif,
  [Description("audio/x-aiff")]
  aifc,
  [Description("audio/x-aiff")]
  aiff,
  [Description("text/plain")]
  asc,
  [Description("application/atom+xml")]
  atom,
  [Description("audio/basic")]
  au,
  [Description("video/x-msvideo")]
  avi,
  [Description("application/x-bcpio")]
  bcpio,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  bin,
  [Description("image/bmp")]
  bmp,
  [Description("application/x-netcdf")]
  cdf,
  [Description("image/cgm")]
  cgm,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  class,
  [Description("application/x-cpio")]
  cpio,
  [Description("application/mac-compactpro")]
  cpt,
  [Description("application/x-csh")]
  csh,
  [Description("text/css")]
  css,
  [Description("application/x-director")]
  dcr,
  [Description("video/x-dv")]
  dif,
  [Description("application/x-director")]
  dir,
  [Description("image/vnd.djvu")]
  djv,
  [Description("image/vnd.djvu")]
  djvu,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  dll,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  dmg,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  dms,
  [Description("application/msword")]
  doc,
  [Description("application/xml-dtd")]
  dtd,
  [Description("video/x-dv")]
  dv,
  [Description("application/x-dvi")]
  dvi,
  [Description("application/x-director")]
  dxr,
  [Description("application/postscript")]
  eps,
  [Description("text/x-setext")]
  etx,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  exe,
  [Description("application/andrew-inset")]
  ez,
  [Description("image/gif")]
  gif,
  [Description("application/srgs")]
  gram,
  [Description("application/srgs+xml")]
  grxml,
  [Description("application/x-gtar")]
  gtar,
  [Description("application/x-hdf")]
  hdf,
  [Description("application/mac-binhex40")]
  hqx,
  [Description("text/html")]
  htm,
  [Description("text/html")]
  html,
  [Description("x-conference/x-cooltalk")]
  ice,
  [Description("image/x-icon")]
  ico,
  [Description("text/calendar")]
  ics,
  [Description("image/ief")]
  ief,
  [Description("text/calendar")]
  ifb,
  [Description("model/iges")]
  iges,
  [Description("model/iges")]
  igs,
  [Description("application/x-java-jnlp-file")]
  jnlp,
  [Description("image/jp2")]
  jp2,
  [Description("image/jpeg")]
  jpe,
  [Description("image/jpeg")]
  jpeg,
  [Description("image/jpeg")]
  jpg,
  [Description("application/x-javascript")]
  js,
  [Description("audio/midi")]
  kar,
  [Description("application/x-latex")]
  latex,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  lha,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  lzh,
  [Description("audio/x-mpegurl")]
  m3u,
  [Description("audio/mp4a-latm")]
  m4a,
  [Description("audio/mp4a-latm")]
  m4b,
  [Description("audio/mp4a-latm")]
  m4p,
  [Description("video/vnd.mpegurl")]
  m4u,
  [Description("video/x-m4v")]
  m4v,
  [Description("image/x-macpaint")]
  mac,
  [Description("application/x-troff-man")]
  man,
  [Description("application/mathml+xml")]
  mathml,
  [Description("application/x-troff-me")]
  me,
  [Description("model/mesh")]
  mesh,
  [Description("audio/midi")]
  mid,
  [Description("audio/midi")]
  midi,
  [Description("application/vnd.mif")]
  mif,
  [Description("video/quicktime")]
  mov,
  [Description("video/x-sgi-movie")]
  movie,
  [Description("audio/mpeg")]
  mp2,
  [Description("audio/mpeg")]
  mp3,
  [Description("video/mp4")]
  mp4,
  [Description("video/mpeg")]
  mpe,
  [Description("video/mpeg")]
  mpeg,
  [Description("video/mpeg")]
  mpg,
  [Description("audio/mpeg")]
  mpga,
  [Description("application/x-troff-ms")]
  ms,
  [Description("model/mesh")]
  msh,
  [Description("video/vnd.mpegurl")]
  mxu,
  [Description("application/x-netcdf")]
  nc,
  [Description("application/oda")]
  oda,
  [Description("application/ogg")]
  ogg,
  [Description("image/x-portable-bitmap")]
  pbm,
  [Description("image/pict")]
  pct,
  [Description("chemical/x-pdb")]
  pdb,
  [Description("application/pdf")]
  pdf,
  [Description("image/x-portable-graymap")]
  pgm,
  [Description("application/x-chess-pgn")]
  pgn,
  [Description("image/pict")]
  pic,
  [Description("image/pict")]
  pict,
  [Description("image/png")]
  png,
  [Description("image/x-portable-anymap")]
  pnm,
  [Description("image/x-macpaint")]
  pnt,
  [Description("image/x-macpaint")]
  pntg,
  [Description("image/x-portable-pixmap")]
  ppm,
  [Description("application/vnd.ms-powerpoint")]
  ppt,
  [Description("application/postscript")]
  ps,
  [Description("video/quicktime")]
  qt,
  [Description("image/x-quicktime")]
  qti,
  [Description("image/x-quicktime")]
  qtif,
  [Description("audio/x-pn-realaudio")]
  ra,
  [Description("audio/x-pn-realaudio")]
  ram,
  [Description("image/x-cmu-raster")]
  ras,
  [Description("application/rdf+xml")]
  rdf,
  [Description("image/x-rgb")]
  rgb,
  [Description("application/vnd.rn-realmedia")]
  rm,
  [Description("application/x-troff")]
  roff,
  [Description("text/rtf")]
  rtf,
  [Description("text/richtext")]
  rtx,
  [Description("text/sgml")]
  sgm,
  [Description("text/sgml")]
  sgml,
  [Description("application/x-sh")]
  sh,
  [Description("application/x-shar")]
  shar,
  [Description("model/mesh")]
  silo,
  [Description("application/x-stuffit")]
  sit,
  [Description("application/x-koan")]
  skd,
  [Description("application/x-koan")]
  skm,
  [Description("application/x-koan")]
  skp,
  [Description("application/x-koan")]
  skt,
  [Description("application/smil")]
  smi,
  [Description("application/smil")]
  smil,
  [Description("audio/basic")]
  snd,
  [Description("application/octet-stream")]
  so,
  [Description("application/x-futuresplash")]
  spl,
  [Description("application/x-wais-source")]
  src,
  [Description("application/x-sv4cpio")]
  sv4cpio,
  [Description("application/x-sv4crc")]
  sv4crc,
  [Description("image/svg+xml")]
  svg,
  [Description("application/x-shockwave-flash")]
  swf,
  [Description("application/x-troff")]
  t,
  [Description("application/x-tar")]
  tar,
  [Description("application/x-tcl")]
  tcl,
  [Description("application/x-tex")]
  tex,
  [Description("application/x-texinfo")]
  texi,
  [Description("application/x-texinfo")]
  texinfo,
  [Description("image/tiff")]
  tif,
  [Description("image/tiff")]
  tiff,
  [Description("application/x-troff")]
  tr,
  [Description("text/tab-separated-values")]
  tsv,
  [Description("text/plain")]
  txt,
  [Description("application/x-ustar")]
  ustar,
  [Description("application/x-cdlink")]
  vcd,
  [Description("model/vrml")]
  vrml,
  [Description("application/voicexml+xml")]
  vxml,
  [Description("audio/x-wav")]
  wav,
  [Description("image/vnd.wap.wbmp")]
  wbmp,
  [Description("application/vnd.wap.wbxml")]
  wbmxl,
  [Description("text/vnd.wap.wml")]
  wml,
  [Description("application/vnd.wap.wmlc")]
  wmlc,
  [Description("text/vnd.wap.wmlscript")]
  wmls,
  [Description("application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc")]
  wmlsc,
  [Description("model/vrml")]
  wrl,
  [Description("image/x-xbitmap")]
  xbm,
  [Description("application/xhtml+xml")]
  xht,
  [Description("application/xhtml+xml")]
  xhtml,
  [Description("application/vnd.ms-excel")]
  xls,
  [Description("application/xml")]
  xml,
  [Description("image/x-xpixmap")]
  xpm,
  [Description("application/xml")]
  xsl,
  [Description("application/xslt+xml")]
  xslt,
  [Description("application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml")]
  xul,
  [Description("image/x-xwindowdump")]
  xwd,
  [Description("chemical/x-xyz")]
  xyz,
  [Description("application/zip")]
  zip
}

#2

In .Net 4.5 you can use:

在.Net 4.5中，您可以使用：

string contentType = MimeMapping.GetMimeMapping("someFileName.pdf")
// contentType = "application/pdf"

More information

更多信息

#3

IDEA: put the formats and extensions data (http://www.feedforall.com/mime-types.htm) into an xml or into your project as dictionary, array or sth else for query and create a procedure for determine mimetype for extension.. i think keeping your data on xml document will be easier for modification after compiling

IDEA：将格式和扩展数据（http://www.feedforall.com/mime-types.htm）放入xml或项目中作为字典，数组或其他查询，并创建一个过程来确定扩展名的mimetype ..我认为在编译后将数据保存在xml文档上会更容易修改

#4

If you are on a linux/unix like system you can use the file command to determine the file type.

如果您使用的是类似linux / unix的系统，则可以使用file命令确定文件类型。

There are three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, magic number tests, and language tests. The first test that succeeds causes the file type to be printed.

按顺序执行三组测试：文件系统测试，幻数测试和语言测试。成功的第一个测试导致打印文件类型。

If you're on a Windows machine it is common to use the file extension like you showed in your code.

如果您使用的是Windows计算机，则通常会使用您在代码中显示的文件扩展名。

#5

Is the file being uploaded to the MVC application?

文件是否正在上传到MVC应用程序？

public ActionResult FileUploader(HttpPostedFileBase upload)
{
  string mimeType=upload.ContentType;
}

There are a couple of caveats with this though.

尽管如此，还是有几点需要注意。

It uses the browser supplied aka 'client supplied' mime type, if the users uploading items aren't authenticated or trusted, then this might not be a good idea.

它使用浏览器提供的“客户端提供的”mime类型，如果用户上传项目未经过身份验证或信任，那么这可能不是一个好主意。

Also IE doesn't always give standard Mime types for certain files, in particular PNGs (see What is the difference between "image/png" and "image/x-png"?) which may or may not effect your application.

IE并不总是为某些文件提供标准的Mime类型，特别是PNG（请参阅“image / png”和“image / x-png”之间有什么区别？），这可能会影响您的应用程序，也可能不会影响您的应用程序。

We just use a simple if statement to convert the IE png mime type (image/x-png), back to the more common one (image/png).

我们只使用一个简单的if语句将IE png mime类型（image / x-png）转换回更常见的一个（image / png）。

#6

If you want to use stream

如果你想使用流

    public class urlmonMimeDetect
    {
        [DllImport(@"urlmon.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        private extern static System.UInt32 FindMimeFromData(
            System.UInt32 pBC,
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] System.String pwzUrl,
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] byte[] pBuffer,
            System.UInt32 cbSize,
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] System.String pwzMimeProposed,
            System.UInt32 dwMimeFlags,
            out System.UInt32 ppwzMimeOut,
            System.UInt32 dwReserverd
        );

        public static string GetMimeFromFile(Stream fs)
        {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
            fs.Read(buffer, 0, 256);

            try
            {
                System.UInt32 mimetype;
                FindMimeFromData(0, null, buffer, 256, null, 0, out mimetype, 0);
                System.IntPtr mimeTypePtr = new IntPtr(mimetype);
                string mime = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(mimeTypePtr);
                Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(mimeTypePtr);
                return mime;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                return "unknown/unknown";
            }
        }
    }