lfs(systemv版本)学习笔记-第4页

时间:2022-06-16 16:57:24

lfs(systemv版本)学习笔记第3页:https://www.cnblogs.com/renren-study-notes/p/10199965.html

第7.2章节

安装lfs启动脚本

1.进入sources目录,解压并进入lfs-bootscripts包目录

tar -xvf lfs-bootscripts-.tar.bz2

cd lfs-bootscripts-

2.参照书中说明安装

make install

3.返回sources目录并删除软件包目录

cd $LFS/sources/

rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-

第7.4章节

管理设备

1.创建udev规则并查看输出找到网卡设备名称(name后面的输出为网卡设备名字)

bash /lib/udev/init-net-rules.sh

cat /etc/udev/rules.d/-persistent-net.rules

2.找到重复设备并创建符号链接规则文件

udevadm info -a -p /sys/class/video4linux/video0

cat > /etc/udev/rules.d/-duplicate_devs.rules << "EOF"

# Persistent symlinks for webcam and tuner
KERNEL=="video*", ATTRS{idProduct}=="", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0d81", \
SYMLINK+="webcam"
KERNEL=="video*", ATTRS{device}=="0x036f", ATTRS{vendor}=="0x109e", \
SYMLINK+="tvtuner" EOF

第7.5章节

网络配置

1.创建网络接口配置文件

cd /etc/sysconfig/
cat > ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF"
ONBOOT=yes
IFACE=eth0
SERVICE=ipv4-static
IP=192.168.1.2
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
PREFIX=
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
EOF 这里的etch0 更换为上一章节查看的网卡设备名字

2.创建dns解析文件

cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf domain <Your Domain Name>
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4 # End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF 这里使用书中注意里面提供的谷歌dns地址

3,配置系统主机名字

echo "<lfs>" > /etc/hostname

<lfs>更换为主机名字

4.创建/etc/hosts文件

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>
<192.168.1.1> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2 ...]
:: localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02:: ip6-allnodes
ff02:: ip6-allrouters # End /etc/hosts
EOF

第7.6章节

System V Bootscript使用和配置

1.配置Sysvinit

cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab id::initdefault: si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S l0::wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
l2::wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
l3::wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
l4::wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
l5::wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
l6::wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin ::respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1
::respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2
::respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3
::respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4
::respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5
::respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 # End /etc/inittab
EOF

2.配置系统时钟

cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock UTC=1 # Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
CLOCKPARAMS= # End /etc/sysconfig/clock
EOF

如果电脑上面是多系统,并且有windows系统,要把UTC设置为0,也就是不使用系统硬件时间作为系统时间。如果没有windows系统不需要更改。

因为大多数使用的都是美国键盘,所以本章节剩余内容可忽略

第7.7章节

配置语言环境

运行以下命令获取Glibc支持的所有语言环境的列表:

locale -a

结果:

C
en_US.utf8
POSIX
zh_CN.utf8

这里我们选择en_US.utf8

以下是对对所选择的语言的测试

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale language
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_curr_symbol
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_prefix

确定正确的区域设置后,创建 /etc/profile文件:

cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile export LANG=en_US.utf8 (这里替换为所选择的语言环境)
# End /etc/profile
EOF

第7.8章节

1.创建/etc/inputrc配置文件

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net> # Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off # Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On # Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off # Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On # none, visible or audible
set bell-style none # All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word # for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert # for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line # for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line # End /etc/inputrc
EOF

第7.9章节

1.创建/etc/shells文件

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells /bin/sh
/bin/bash # End /etc/shells
EOF

第8.2章节

1.更改为lfs所创建的分区到相应位置即可(这个文件是配置lfs开机自动挂载的分区)

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab # file system mount-point type options dump fsck
# order
/dev/sda9 /boot ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/sda10 / ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/sda11 /home ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/sda12 swap swap pri=1 0 0
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0 # End /etc/fstab
EOF

第8.3章节

配置编译安装linux内核

1.首先进入sources目录

cd   /sources

2.解压内核文件压缩包

tar  -xvf linux-4.20.12.tar.xz

3.进入内核包目录

cd linux-4.20.12

4.准备编译

make mrproper

5.设置默认内核配置状态

make defconfig

6.设置内核

make menuconfig

7.找到以下选项

Device Drivers  --->
Generic Driver Options --->
[ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]
[*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS] Kernel hacking --->
Choose kernel unwinder (Frame pointer unwinder) ---> [CONFIG_UNWINDER_FRAME_POINTER]

8.第一项设置如下

[ ] Support for uevent helper                                             │ │
│ │ [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev │ │
│ │ [*] Automount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the ro│ │
│ │ [*] Select only drivers that don't need compile-time external fir│ │
│ │ [*] Disable drivers features which enable custom firmware buildin│ │
│ │ Firmware loader ---> │ │
│ │ [ ] Driver Core verbose debug messages │ │
│ │ [*] Managed device resources verbose debug messages │ │
│ │ [ ] Test driver remove calls during probe (UNSTABLE) │ │
│ │ < > Build kernel module to test asynchronous driver probing

9.第二项设置如下

┌────^(-)─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ [ ] x86 instruction decoder selftest │ │
│ │ IO delay type (port 0x80 based port-IO delay [recommended]) │ │
│ │ [*] Debug boot parameters │ │
│ │ [ ] CPA self-test code │ │
│ │ [*] Allow gcc to uninline functions marked 'inline' │ │
│ │ [ ] Debug low-level entry code │ │
│ │ [ ] NMI Selftest │ │
│ │ [*] Debug the x86 FPU code │ │
│ │ < > ATOM Punit debug driver │ │
│ │ Choose kernel unwinder (Frame pointer unwinder) --->

10.如果您的主机硬件使用UEFI,请自行添加此项设置

Processor type and features  --->
[*] EFI stub support [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]

11.设置调整完保存退出即可

12.编译内核映像和模块

make -j8

13.安装配置模块

make modules_install

14.复制一些内核的启动文件到boot分区

cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.20.12-lfs-8.4

cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-4.20.12

cp -iv .config /boot/config-4.20.12

15.安装Linux内核的文档:

install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12
cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12

16.配置linux模块加载顺序

install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true # End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
EOF

17.返回sources目录并删除包目录

cd $LFS/sources

rm -rf linux-4.20.12

第8.4章节

安装配置grub引导

1.安装grub引导到MBR

grub-install /dev/sda

2.创建grub配置文件

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5 insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,2) 括号里面更改为你所安装lfs的分区或boot分区 例如/dev/sda2为(hd0,2) menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" {
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda2 ro(这里的/dev/sda2更改为你所安装lfs的分区号 例如/dev/sda2)
} (如果boot单独分区,则把这里的/boot删除。)
EOF

多系统引导文件示例:

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=
set timeout= menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" {
insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,)
linux /vmlinuz-4.18.-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda6 ro
}
menuentry 'Manjaro Linux'{
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos9'
linux /vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=/dev/sda10 ro
initrd /intel-ucode.img /initramfs-4.19-x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'Windows 7 (on /dev/sda1)'{
insmod ntfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
chainloader +
}
EOF

第9.1章节

设置系统版本及版本号

echo 8.4 > /etc/lfs-release

cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
DISTRIB_RELEASE="8.4"
DISTRIB_CODENAME="<your name here>"(括号里改为自己起的名字)
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
EOF

第9.3章节

运行下面的命令,退出chroot,卸载lfs的分区

exit

umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys umount -v $LFS umount -v $LFS/usr
umount -v $LFS/home
umount -v $LFS

重启进入lfs系统

reboot

附录

如果需要本机的grub引导lfs则在root用户下运行以下命令创建lfs的引导项

需要安装os-prober软件包,并挂载lfs的分区,在运行下面命令,添加lfs的启动项

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

确定添加完lfs引导项后,重启机器进入lfs选项,即可进入lfs操作系统。