oracle12c 新特性 CDB与PDB

12C的安装过程与11G的安装没有多大区别：

----------------
1.检查硬件条件
2.检查软件条件
3.系统相关配置
4.用户，组，安装目录创建
5.安装
-------------------

系统相关配置
1./etc/selinux/config
2.防火墙
3./etc/security/limits.conf
4./etc/sysctl.conf

关闭防火墙:

iptables -F
service iptables stop

4.用户，组，安装目录创建
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
useradd -u 1000 oracle -g oinstall

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory

环境变量：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl12c
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

centos-6.5依赖包安装：

rpm -q --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++ \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-devel \
ksh \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libXext \
libXtst \
libX11 \
libXau \
libxcb \
libXi \
make \
sysstat

------------------------------------------------

以上简单的介绍了12C的安装，下面介绍下新特性（网上参考而来）：

首先我们先看下概念：

CDB组件（Components of a CDB）

一个CDB数据库容器包含了下面一些组件：

ROOT组件

ROOT又叫CDB$ROOT, 存储着ORACLE提供的元数据和Common User,元数据的一个例子是ORACLE提供的PL/SQL包的源代码，Common User 是指在每个容器中都存在的用户。

SEED组件

Seed又叫PDB$SEED,这个是你创建PDBS数据库的模板，你不能在Seed中添加或修改一个对象。一个CDB中有且只能有一个Seed. 这个感念，个人感觉非常类似SQL SERVER中的model数据库。

PDBS

CDB中可以有一个或多个PDBS，PDBS向后兼容，可以像以前在数据库中那样操作PDBS，这里指大多数常规操作。

这些组件中的每一个都可以被称为一个容器。因此，ROOT(根)是一个容器，Seed(种子)是一个容器，每个PDB是一个容器。每个容器在CDB中都有一个独一无二的的ID和名称。

很显然：12C可以创建一个与以前版本一样的数据库，但如果你建了一个空的cdb的话，那是没法用的，因为CDB中包括ROOT组件、SEED组件、PDBS组件，PDBS就是我们最终要用的数据库。

12C使用dbca 来创建并管理PDBS:

oracle12c 新特性 CDB与PDB

oracle12c 新特性 CDB与PDB PDB安装成功了，下面进入到数据库：

[oracle@orcl12c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 30 03:45:46 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 
SQL>

查看数据库是否为CDB

SQL> select name,cdb ,open_mode ,con_id from v$database;

NAME  CDB OPEN_MODE        CON_ID
--------- --- -------------------- ----------
ORCL12C   YES READ WRITE    0

SQL>

YES表示该数据库是CDB,如果是NO表示是NO-CDB(普通数据库)

查看当前容器（Container）：

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL>

SQL> select sys_context('userenv','con_name') "container DB" from dual;

container DB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL>

查看CDB容器中的PDBS信息：

SQL> select con_id,dbid,guid,name,open_mode from v$pdbs;

  CON_ID  DBID GUIDNAME   OPEN_MODE
-------- ------------- -------------------------------- ---------- ----------
       2    4166529792 3DB521B3D18E17AEE053C938A8C02EFF PDB$SEED   READ ONLY
       3    3985361781 3DB59EF2EF6B22F7E053C938A8C07EE2 PDB01   READ WRITE

SQL> <span style="font-weight: bold;">
</span>

启动与关闭PDB数据库:

方式1：

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 open;
alter pluggable database pdb01 open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65019: pluggable database PDB01 already open


SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 down;
alter pluggable database pdb01 down
                               *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option


SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 shutdown;
alter pluggable database pdb01 shutdown
                               *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option


SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 close;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> <strong>
</strong>

方式2：

SQL> alter session set container=pdb01;

Session altered.

SQL> startup
ORA-65019: pluggable database PDB01 already open


SQL> shutdown
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> <strong>
</strong>

在容器间切换

SQL> alter session set container=pdb01;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB01
SQL> show con_id;

CON_ID
------------------------------
3
SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show con_id;

CON_ID
------------------------------
1
SQL>

关于pdb用户连接数据库：

主要配置两个文件：listener.ora和tnsnames.ora

listener.ora文件配置示例：

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = orcl12c)(PORT = 1531))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1531))
    )
  )
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
        (SID_LIST =
                (SID_DESC =
                        (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl12c) #该服务是我配置的cdb信息 
                        (SID_NAME = orcl12c)
                )
        (SID_DESC =
                (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pdb01)#该服务是我配置的pdb信息
                (SID_NAME = orcl12c)
        )
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1

tnsnames.ora配置示例：

ORCL12C =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1531))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl12c)
    )
  )

PDB01 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1531))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb01)
    )

连接测试：

[oracle@orcl12c admin]$ sqlplus test/test@pdb01

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 30 05:17:30 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Fri Sep 30 2016 05:10:55 -04:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show user
USER is "TEST"
SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB01
SQL>

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oracle12c 新特性 CDB与PDB

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