- Server是Tomcat最顶层的容器
- Service用于提供服务
- Connector用于处理连接相关的事情，并提供Socket与request和response的转换
- Container用于封装和管理Servlet，以及具体处理request请求
一、启动过程
- Catalina：是Tomcat的管理类
- Bootstrap：是Tomcat的入口类
1、Bootstrap启动过程
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- 第465行
bootstrap.init();
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main方法作用
- init方法初始化了ClassLoader，并用ClassLoader创建了Catalina实例，然后赋值给catalinaDaemon变量
- 根据main方法args参数执行对应的生命周期方法，以start方法为例
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- 利用反射调用Catalina的start方法，实际上就是走的Catalina类的生命周期方法
说到生命周期方法，就得知道那几个方法是生命周期方法了
- start
- stop
- load
- 还有一个重要的方法：await，他不是生命周期方法，但是他让主线程不会退出。
2、Catalina启动过程
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/server.html --> <Server port="9000" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" /> --> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <!-- Global JNDI resources Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html --> <GlobalNamingResources> <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users --> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/service.html --> <Service name="Catalina"> <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--> <!-- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/> --> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="9001" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the AprLifecycleListener. Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below. --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true"> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks" type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector> --> <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2 This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses OpenSSL for TLS. Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style configuration is used below. --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" > <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" /> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem" certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem" certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem" type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector> --> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="9002" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- The contents of this file will be loaded for each web application --> <Context> <!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the --> <!-- web application will be reloaded. --> <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource> <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource> <!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts --> <!-- <Manager pathname="" /> --> </Context> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== --> <!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications --> <!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat. As each application is --> <!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the --> <!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own --> <!-- applications. --> <!-- --> <!-- WARNING: Do not configure application-specific resources here! --> <!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application. --> <!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== --> <!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static --> <!-- resources. It processes all requests that are not mapped to other --> <!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own --> <!-- web.xml file). This servlet supports the following initialization --> <!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets): --> <!-- --> <!-- debug Debugging detail level for messages logged --> <!-- by this servlet. Useful values are 0, 1, and --> <!-- 11 where higher values mean more detail. [0] --> <!-- --> <!-- fileEncoding Encoding to be used to read static resources --> <!-- [platform default] --> <!-- --> <!-- input Input buffer size (in bytes) when reading --> <!-- resources to be served. [2048] --> <!-- --> <!-- listings Should directory listings be produced if there --> <!-- is no welcome file in this directory? [false] --> <!-- WARNING: Listings for directories with many --> <!-- entries can be slow and may consume --> <!-- significant proportions of server resources. --> <!-- --> <!-- output Output buffer size (in bytes) when writing --> <!-- resources to be served. [2048] --> <!-- --> <!-- readonly Is this context "read only", so HTTP --> <!-- commands like PUT and DELETE are --> <!-- rejected? [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- readmeFile File to display together with the directory --> <!-- contents. [null] --> <!-- --> <!-- sendfileSize If the connector used supports sendfile, this --> <!-- represents the minimal file size in KB for --> <!-- which sendfile will be used. Use a negative --> <!-- value to always disable sendfile. [48] --> <!-- --> <!-- useAcceptRanges Should the Accept-Ranges header be included --> <!-- in responses where appropriate? [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- For directory listing customization. Checks localXsltFile, then --> <!-- globalXsltFile, then defaults to original behavior. --> <!-- --> <!-- localXsltFile Make directory listings an XML doc and --> <!-- pass the result to this style sheet residing --> <!-- in that directory. This overrides --> <!-- contextXsltFile and globalXsltFile[null] --> <!-- --> <!-- contextXsltFile Make directory listings an XML doc and --> <!-- pass the result to this style sheet which is --> <!-- relative to the context root. This overrides --> <!-- globalXsltFile[null] --> <!-- --> <!-- globalXsltFile Site wide configuration version of --> <!-- localXsltFile. This argument must either be an --> <!-- absolute or relative (to either --> <!-- $CATALINA_BASE/conf or $CATALINA_HOME/conf) --> <!-- path that points to a location below either --> <!-- $CATALINA_BASE/conf (checked first) or --> <!-- $CATALINA_HOME/conf (checked second).[null] --> <!-- --> <!-- showServerInfo Should server information be presented in the --> <!-- response sent to clients when directory --> <!-- listings is enabled? [true] --> <servlet> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>0</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>listings</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- The JSP page compiler and execution servlet, which is the mechanism --> <!-- used by Tomcat to support JSP pages. Traditionally, this servlet --> <!-- is mapped to the URL pattern "*.jsp". This servlet supports the --> <!-- following initialization parameters (default values are in square --> <!-- brackets): --> <!-- --> <!-- checkInterval If development is false and checkInterval is --> <!-- greater than zero, background compilations are --> <!-- enabled. checkInterval is the time in seconds --> <!-- between checks to see if a JSP page (and its --> <!-- dependent files) needs to be recompiled. [0] --> <!-- --> <!-- classdebuginfo Should the class file be compiled with --> <!-- debugging information? [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- classpath What class path should I use while compiling --> <!-- generated servlets? [Created dynamically --> <!-- based on the current web application] --> <!-- --> <!-- compiler Which compiler Ant should use to compile JSP --> <!-- pages. See the jasper documentation for more --> <!-- information. --> <!-- --> <!-- compilerSourceVM Compiler source VM. [1.7] --> <!-- --> <!-- compilerTargetVM Compiler target VM. [1.7] --> <!-- --> <!-- development Is Jasper used in development mode? If true, --> <!-- the frequency at which JSPs are checked for --> <!-- modification may be specified via the --> <!-- modificationTestInterval parameter. [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- displaySourceFragment --> <!-- Should a source fragment be included in --> <!-- exception messages? [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- dumpSmap Should the SMAP info for JSR45 debugging be --> <!-- dumped to a file? [false] --> <!-- False if suppressSmap is true --> <!-- --> <!-- enablePooling Determines whether tag handler pooling is --> <!-- enabled. This is a compilation option. It will --> <!-- not alter the behaviour of JSPs that have --> <!-- already been compiled. [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- engineOptionsClass Allows specifying the Options class used to --> <!-- configure Jasper. If not present, the default --> <!-- EmbeddedServletOptions will be used. --> <!-- This option is ignored when running under a --> <!-- SecurityManager. --> <!-- --> <!-- errorOnUseBeanInvalidClassAttribute --> <!-- Should Jasper issue an error when the value of --> <!-- the class attribute in an useBean action is --> <!-- not a valid bean class? [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- fork Tell Ant to fork compiles of JSP pages so that --> <!-- a separate JVM is used for JSP page compiles --> <!-- from the one Tomcat is running in. [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- genStringAsCharArray --> <!-- Should text strings be generated as char --> <!-- arrays, to improve performance in some cases? --> <!-- [false] --> <!-- --> <!-- ieClassId The class-id value to be sent to Internet --> <!-- Explorer when using <jsp:plugin> tags. --> <!-- [clsid:8AD9C840-044E-11D1-B3E9-00805F499D93] --> <!-- --> <!-- javaEncoding Java file encoding to use for generating java --> <!-- source files. [UTF8] --> <!-- --> <!-- keepgenerated Should we keep the generated Java source code --> <!-- for each page instead of deleting it? [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- mappedfile Should we generate static content with one --> <!-- print statement per input line, to ease --> <!-- debugging? [true] --> <!-- --> <!-- maxLoadedJsps The maximum number of JSPs that will be loaded --> <!-- for a web application. If more than this --> <!-- number of JSPs are loaded, the least recently --> <!-- used JSPs will be unloaded so that the number --> <!-- of JSPs loaded at any one time does not exceed --> <!-- this limit. A value of zero or less indicates --> <!-- no limit. [-1] --> <!-- --> <!-- jspIdleTimeout The amount of time in seconds a JSP can be --> <!-- idle before it is unloaded. A value of zero --> <!-- or less indicates never unload. [-1] --> <!-- --> <!-- modificationTestInterval --> <!-- Causes a JSP (and its dependent files) to not --> <!-- be checked for modification during the --> <!-- specified time interval (in seconds) from the --> <!-- last time the JSP was checked for --> <!-- modification. A value of 0 will cause the JSP --> <!-- to be checked on every access. --> <!-- Used in development mode only. [4] --> <!-- --> <!-- recompileOnFail If a JSP compilation fails should the --> <!-- modificationTestInterval be ignored and the --> <!-- next access trigger a re-compilation attempt? --> <!-- Used in development mode only and is disabled --> <!-- by default as compilation may be expensive and --> <!-- could lead to excessive resource usage. --> <!-- [false] --> <!-- --> <!-- scratchdir What scratch directory should we use when --> <!-- compiling JSP pages? [default work directory --> <!-- for the current web application] --> <!-- This option is ignored when running under a --> <!-- SecurityManager. -->