1. 主要区别:
NLS_LANG是环境变量,包括3部分NLS参数:NLS_LANGUAGE, NLS_TERRITORY, NLS_CHARACTERSET,需要在启动SQLPLUS等工具之前设置;
NLS_LANGUAGE主要控制SESSION中提示消息的语言,可以使用ALTER SESSION在SQLPLUS里面设置;
NLS_TERRITORY主要控制SESSION中的日期和货币等本地化参数的现实格式,也可以像NLS_LANGUAGE一样在 SESSION 里面设置;
NLS_CHARACTERSET控制客户端的字符集,不能在SESSION里面进行设置,只能通过NLS_LANG环境变量的方式进行设置。
2. 设置方法:
2.1 环境变量设置(windows),下划线必须和territory配对,点必须和字符集配对
set nls_lang=american_america.utf8
set nls_lang=american / set nls_lang=american_ / set nls_lang=american_.
set nls_lang=_america
set nls_lang=.utf8
2.2 SESSION设置
alter session set nls_language='american' nls_territory='america';
alter session set nls_language='american';
alter session set nls_territory='america';
3. 注意事项:
NLS_CHARACTERSET设置不当会导致数据不能正常显示:
C:\>set nls_lang环境变量 nls_lang 没有定义
C:\>sqlplus system/oracle@ora1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期六 5月 12 14:27:23 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters where parameter in
2 ( 'NLS_LANGUAGE','NLS_TERRITORY','NLS_CHARACTERSET');
PARAMETER VALUE
-------------------- --------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_TERRITORY CHINA
NLS_CHARACTERSET AL32UTF8
SQL> create table t(id number,name varchar2(20));
表已创建。
SQL> insert into t values(1,'测试');
已创建 1 行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> select * from t;
ID NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
1 测试
SQL> exit
从 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 断开
C:\>set nls_lang=.WE8ISO8859P1
C:\>sqlplus system/oracle@ora1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 12 14:29:27 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from t;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 靠
SQL>
REF:
1. Setting Up a Globalization Support Environment
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10729/ch3globenv.htm#NLSPG189