1.反身性:a≡a(mod m)a≡a(mod m);
2.对称性:a≡b(mod m)⇒b≡a(mod m)a≡b(mod m)⇒b≡a(mod m);
3.传递性:a≡b(mod m),b≡c(mod m)⇒a≡c(mod m)a≡b(mod m),b≡c(mod m)⇒a≡c(mod m);
4.相加:a≡b(mod m),c≡d(mod m)⇒a±c≡b±d(mod m)a≡b(mod m),c≡d(mod m)⇒a±c≡b±d(mod m);
5.相乘:a≡b(mod m),c≡d(mod m)⇒a×c≡b×d(mod m)a≡b(mod m),c≡d(mod m)⇒a×c≡b×d(mod m);
6.除法:ac≡bc(mod m)⇒a≡b(mod m÷gcd(m,c))ac≡bc(mod m)⇒a≡b(mod m÷gcd(m,c));
7.幂运算:a≡b(mod m)⇒an≡bn(mod m)a≡b(mod m)⇒an≡bn(mod m)。