最近在项目中需要Excel导出，有多个Sheet页，每个Sheet页的内容比较多，且不是规整的表格，绑定值是个比较麻烦的事，便考虑直接将HTML转换为Excel文件进行导出。
一、使用JS方法将HTML导出为Excel
原理就是获取需要导出到Excel的HTML代码，然后利用JS方法进行导出。此代码可以兼容IE8及主流浏览器，但是不支持多个Sheet页的导出，在IE8下也不能自定义Sheet页的名字。
<li>
<button id="btnExport" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="javascript:HtmlExportToExcel('mainContent')">
导出
</button>
<a id="dlink" style="display: none;"></a>
</li>
//jQuery HTML导出Excel文件(兼容IE及所有浏览器)
function HtmlExportToExcel(tableid) {
var filename = $('#divTitle').text();
var sheetName = "已开展工作情况";
if (getExplorer() == 'ie' || getExplorer() == undefined) {
HtmlExportToExcelForIE(tableid, filename,sheetName);
}
else {
HtmlExportToExcelForEntire(tableid, filename,sheetName)
}
} //IE浏览器导出Excel
function HtmlExportToExcelForIE(tableid, filename,sheetName) {
try {
var winname = window.open('', '_blank', 'top=10000');
var strHTML = $("#" + tableid).html(); winname.document.open('application/vnd.ms-excel', 'export excel');
winname.document.writeln(strHTML);
winname.document.execCommand('saveas', '', filename + '.xls');
winname.close(); } catch (e) {
alert(e.description);
}
} //非IE浏览器导出Excel
var HtmlExportToExcelForEntire = (function () {
var uri = 'data:application/vnd.ms-excel;base64,',
template = '<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><x:ExcelWorkbook><x:ExcelWorksheets><x:ExcelWorksheet><x:Name>{worksheet}</x:Name><x:WorksheetOptions><x:DisplayGridlines/></x:WorksheetOptions></x:ExcelWorksheet></x:ExcelWorksheets></x:ExcelWorkbook></xml><![endif]--></head><body><table>{table}</table></body></html>',
base64 = function (s) { return window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(s))) },
format = function (s, c) { return s.replace(/{(\w+)}/g, function (m, p) { return c[p]; }) }
return function (table, name,sheetName) {
if (!table.nodeType) { table = $("#" + table); }
var ctx = { worksheet: sheetName || 'Worksheet', table: table.html() };
document.getElementById("dlink").href = uri + base64(format(template, ctx));
document.getElementById("dlink").download = name + ".xls";
document.getElementById("dlink").click();
}
})()
function getExplorer() {
var explorer = window.navigator.userAgent;
//ie
if (explorer.indexOf("MSIE") >= ) {
return 'ie';
}
//firefox
else if (explorer.indexOf("Firefox") >= ) {
return 'Firefox';
}
//Chrome
else if (explorer.indexOf("Chrome") >= ) {
return 'Chrome';
}
//Opera
else if (explorer.indexOf("Opera") >= ) {
return 'Opera';
}
//Safari
else if (explorer.indexOf("Safari") >= ) {
return 'Safari';
}
}
另外，由于生成的不是真正的Excel文件，只是把HTML转换为Excel的文件，会出现如下提示，用户体验不好。
二、利用后台方法将HTML导出为Excel
原理与第一种方法类似，也是将HTML代码导出为Excel，只是改用后台文件流方式，避免了浏览器兼容性问题。
由于也是HTML导出为Excel文件，也会出现文件扩展名不一致的提示。
思路是：点击导出按钮时，获取要导出内容的HTML代码，并放到Hidden控件中，利用Form Post提交方式传送到后台Action方法，在Action方法中构建Sheet页的Dictionary，key是SheetName，Value是Sheet的HTML代码，然后循环Dictionary生成多个Sheet页，并导出。
<form id="form1" method="post">
@Html.Hidden("tbBMXXHTML")
@Html.Hidden("tbBMXXTitle")
@Html.Hidden("FileTitle")
</form>
-------------
<li>
<button id="btnExport" class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" onclick="ExportExcel()" >
导出
</button>
</li>
//导出Excel
function ExportExcel() {
var URL = '@Url.Action("GreenCarSummaryExport", "GreenCar", new { area = "GreenCar" })';
var FileTitle = $("#divTitle").text();
$("#FileTitle").val(FileTitle); $("#tbBMXXHTML").val(encodeURI($("#tbBMXX").html()));
$("#tbBMXXTitle").val("已开展工作情况"); window.form1.action = URL;
window.form1.submit();
}
public void GreenCarSummaryExport(FormCollection collection)
{
string tbBMXXHTML = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(collection["tbBMXXHTML"]);
string tbBMXXTitle = collection["tbBMXXTitle"];
string FileTitle = collection["FileTitle"]; Dictionary<string, string> dicSheet = new Dictionary<string, string>();
dicSheet.Add(tbBMXXTitle, tbBMXXHTML); //把HTML转换为Excel
HTMLToExcelHelper.ExportHTMLToExcel(dicSheet, FileTitle);
}
/// <summary>
/// 导出HTML为Excel文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dicSheet">导出内容：key是SheetName，Value是HTML代码</param>
/// <param name="fileTitle">文件名</param>
public static void ExportHTMLToExcel(Dictionary<string, string> dicSheet, string fileTitle)
{
StringBuilder sbBody = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder sbSheet = new StringBuilder(); //定义Excel头部
sbBody.AppendFormat(
"MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n" +
"X-Document-Type: Workbook\r\n" +
"Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=\"-=BOUNDARY_EXCEL\"\r\n\r\n" +
"---=BOUNDARY_EXCEL\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"gb2312\"\r\n\r\n" +
"<html xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\n" +
"xmlns:x=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel\">\r\n\r\n" +
"<head>\r\n" +
"<xml>\r\n" +
"<x:ExcelWorkbook>\r\n" +
"<x:ExcelWorksheets>\r\n"); //定义Sheet
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> kv in dicSheet)
{
string gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
sbBody.AppendFormat("<x:ExcelWorksheet>\r\n" +
"<x:Name>{0}</x:Name>\r\n" +
"<x:WorksheetSource HRef=\"cid:{1}\"/>\r\n" +
"</x:ExcelWorksheet>\r\n"
, kv.Key
, gid); sbSheet.AppendFormat(
"---=BOUNDARY_EXCEL\r\n" +
"Content-ID: {0}\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"gb2312\"\r\n\r\n" +
"<html xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\n" +
"xmlns:x=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel\">\r\n\r\n" +
"<head>\r\n" +
"<xml>\r\n" +
"<x:WorksheetOptions>\r\n" +
"<x:ProtectContents>False</x:ProtectContents>\r\n" +
"<x:ProtectObjects>False</x:ProtectObjects>\r\n" +
"<x:ProtectScenarios>False</x:ProtectScenarios>\r\n" +
"</x:WorksheetOptions>\r\n" +
"</xml>\r\n" +
"</head>\r\n" +
"<body>\r\n"
, gid); sbSheet.Append("<table border='1'>");
sbSheet.Append(kv.Value);
sbSheet.Append("</table>");
sbSheet.Append("</body>\r\n" +
"</html>\r\n\r\n");
} //定义Excel尾部
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sbBody.ToString());
sb.Append("</x:ExcelWorksheets>\r\n" +
"</x:ExcelWorkbook>\r\n" +
"</xml>\r\n" +
"</head>\r\n" +
"</html>\r\n\r\n");
sb.Append(sbSheet.ToString());
sb.Append("---=BOUNDARY_EXCEL--"); //导出文件
HttpContext.Current.Response.Clear();
HttpContext.Current.Response.ClearContent();
HttpContext.Current.Response.ClearHeaders();
HttpContext.Current.Response.Buffer = true;
bool isFireFox = false;
if (HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["http_user_agent"].ToLower().IndexOf("firefox") != -)
{
isFireFox = true;
}
if (isFireFox)
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileTitle + ".xls");
}
else
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(fileTitle)) + ".xls");
}
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel";
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312");
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(sb.ToString());
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
}
三、利用第三方插件导出
比如利用NPOI，Aspose，ExcelReport等，需要从数据库重新获取数据并绑定