科学计算软件——Octave安装

时间：2022-10-09 16:05:36

Octave是一个旨在提供与Matlab语法兼容的开放源代码科学计算及数值分析的工具，是Matlab商业软件的一个强有力的竞争产品。

参考：【ML:Octave Installation】

General

Installation files for all platforms are available at the GNU Octave Repository on SourceForge.

The Gnu Octave Wiki has installation instructions for Windows and Mac OS X.

The present instance of the course was tested using Octave 3.8.2. Earlier versions of Octave are not guaranteed to work. Very early versions are known to NOT work for the submit.m script.

Windows

Version 4.0.0

Octave 4.0.0 is available, but has a bug in its printf() function which impacts the submit.m script for all exercises. Workarounds are available via the discussion forums. The present instance of the course also uses a SSL method in the submit.m script, which can throw errors with security certificate access to the grader server. Workarounds are available via the discussion forums.

Version 3.6.4

  • The "Microsoft Visual Studio" or "Windows MinGW" version installers can be downloaded from Sourceforge.
  • On Windows 8, you may see a console-related problem whereby Octave crashes and disappears at any syntax error; fix is detailed at*.com

Version 3.6.2

  • This bug-fix version was released on 5 June 2012. The "Microsoft Visual Studio 2010" version installer can be downloaded fromSourceforge. It seems more reliable than the MinGW 3.6.1 version, although some annoying bugs have been retained.
  • When installing this version from Cygwin, urlread/urlwrite may fail, resulting in an error message like:/usr/lib/octave/3.6.2/oct/i686-pc-cygwin/urlwrite.oct: failed to load: No such process. Thus the submit function provided with programming exercises also fails (submitWeb still works).
    I successfully worked around this by replacing urlwrite.oct with the file from the Octave/Cygwin 3.6.1 binary distribution. (Problem has also been mentioned in this thread for ml-2012-002.)

Version 3.6.1

  • The most recent version is from 3/5/2012, at the Sourceforge site. Installation instructions for Windows and Cygwin are on the Wiki.

  • If you are having problems with crashes during (re-)plotting, see this bug report concerning libblas.dll versions. You can probably reproduce this problem by typing the command:

    demo plotyy

If you have the wrong version of libblas.dll installed, this will generally crash Octave. The libblas.dll.ref version is a slow but stable version.

Version 3.2.4

  • The tutorial on the course website is actually for version 3.2.4. This version is considered "very old" by the Octave Wiki. This version has a bug in the readline.dll file that causes garbage characters to show up when attempting to use command line history editing. Versions 3.4 and higher fix this.
  • Sometimes problems occur with Octave and gnuPlot if you have oct2mat module loaded. Try "pkg unload oct2mat' when you first run Octave. If that solves the problem you can make it permanent by either adding the line to your config file, or by executing "pkg uninstall oct2mat" command[1].

Mac OS X

Version 3.8.1

If you are not afraid of the Terminal you can use Homebrew. This is by far the easiest method of installing everything that is needed. In fact, this may be the best option for versions of OSX prior to 10.9 Mavericks, because the Octave wiki states that the binary installer is to be used "at your own risk" and is "not guaranteed to work" with anything other than OSX 10.9 Mavericks.

Let's install Homebrew as the easiest solution. Open Terminal and type the installation command below, which is listed on the Homebrew home page also, and then hit enter:

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

You will need a set of command line tools that are a subset of XCode. If you're comfortable with the Terminal, then use the command below to install just what is needed. Otherwise (or if you have issues), you need to install XCode from App Store, go to the XCode preferences -> Downloads/Components section, and then select Command Line Tools to be installed.

xcode-select --install

Let's install an up to date gcc compiler:

brew install gcc

You will also need to install [MacTeX]. This can be done with Homebrew, as seen below using the Homebrew Cask project, or by downloading and installing from the website (http://www.tug.org/mactex/).

brew install caskroom/cask/brew-cask

brew cask install mactex

Now let's install the plotting software, gnuplot, and have it use native Qt graphics (instead of the older X11 setup):

brew install gnuplot --qt

Finally, let's install Octave (note all build issues have been fixed, as of Nov 4th 2014):

brew tap homebrew/science

brew install octave

And tell Octave to use Qt graphics with gnuplot when plotting:

echo "setenv GNUTERM qt;" >> ~/.octaverc

Now restart your Terminal and launch octave:

octave

Also, to avoid having to constantly change directories after starting octave, the following script will load octave with the Terminal's current working directory automatically set in octave. Let's set it up:

echo '#!/bin/bash' >> /usr/local/bin/oct

echo 'octave -p "`pwd`"' >> /usr/local/bin/oct

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/oct

And to start octave using this script instead (for example when you are working in a project directory and want to load octave with the directory already set):

oct

Known Issues: Executing GNUPlot gives error message on Octave (v 3.4.0) with X11 installed on OS 10.6.8(Snow leopard). For example: octave-3.4.0:10> hist(w) warning: broken pipe -- some output may be lost "Reason: Incompatible library version: libfontconfig.1.dylib requires version 14.0.0 or later, but libfreetype.6.dylib provides version 13.0.0"

Fix: Open terminal window and type following 3 lines: cd /Applications/Gnuplot.app/Contents/Resources/lib mv libfreetype.6.dylib libfreetype.6.dylib.bak ln -s /usr/X11/lib/libfreetype.6.dylib .

(Source and explanation : http://*.com/questions/19932161/incompatible-library-version-libfontconfig-1-dylib-13-instead-of-15)

Linux

Ubuntu

Ubuntu Software Center

Just search for GNU Octave in Ubuntu Software Center and click install. When the installation finishes, you're ready to use Octave.

Command Line

If you prefer using the command line or if you have an Ubuntu based version of Linux that comes without Ubuntu Software Center, you can install Octave by typing this command on a terminal:

（默认安装3.8.1版本）

sudo apt-get install octave

If you get an error "E: Package 'octave3.2' has no installation candidate", then follow these steps

sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:mtmiller/octave

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install octave

Red Hat / CentOS

Command Line

You can install Octave from the yum repository using the following command lines:

sudo yum install epel-release

sudo yum install octave

Browser (any OS)

It is possible to use Octave online, without installing it on local computer. Web interface has a code editor and REPL console with inline plots. It gives access to Octave 3.6.4.

URL: http://octave.im/

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