ASP.NET MVC5+EF6+EasyUI 后台管理系统（87）-MVC Excel导入和导出

系列目录

前言：

导入导出实在多例子，很多成熟的组建都分装了导入和导出，这一节演示利用LinqToExcel组件对Excel的导入，这个是一个极其简单的例子。

我并不是说导入的简单。而是LinqToExcel让我们对Excel操作更加简单！

最后我们将利用ClosedXML输出Excel。这个比现流行NPOI与EPPlus更加优秀的组件，以Open XML SDK为基础，所以只支持xlsx，不支持xls格式（现阶段谁没有个office2007以上版本）

他导出的Excel根据官方描述，兼容性远超同行对手

如果你不是使用本架构只看2，3，4点，使用BLL层的代码，这同样适用你的MVC程序

知识点：

• LinqToExcel组件读取Excel文件
• ClosedXML组件输出Excel

准备：

1. 一张演示的数据库表
2. 安装LinqToExcel NuGet包
3. 文件上传样例
4. CloseXML导出Excel

开始：

1.数据表

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Spl_Person](
    [Id] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,          --ID
    [Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,            --姓名
    [Sex] [nchar](10) NULL,                --性别
    [Age] [int] NULL,                      --年龄
    [IDCard] [nvarchar](50) NULL,          --IDCard
    [Phone] [nvarchar](50) NULL,           --电话
    [Email] [nvarchar](200) NULL,          --邮件
    [Address] [nvarchar](300) NULL,        --地址
    [CreateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,      --创建时间
    [Region] [nvarchar](50) NULL,          --区域
    [Category] [nvarchar](50) NULL,        --类别
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Spl_Person] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
    [Id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

如何使用这个框架？

按照之前的做法，更新到EF。并利用T4生成DAL,BLL,MODEL。再用代码生成器生成界面复制进解决方案，一步到位

配置好访问地址和权限，直接运行

再手动在工具栏添加导入和导出的按钮（别忘记添加权限）

    @Html.ToolButton("btnImport", "fa fa-level-down", Resource.Import, perm, "Import", true)
    @Html.ToolButton("btnExport", "fa fa-level-up", Resource.Export, perm, "Export", true)

2.安装LinqToExcel包

因为我们读取Excel放在BLL层，所有在BLL层安装LinqToExcel包

3.文件上传

（这一点简单带过，可以到网上下载上传代码植入到自己系统中）

或者下载第32节的源码 或者下载本节的示例代码都可以

我这里使用普通的form上传功能

添加导入前端代码

<div id="uploadExcel" class="easyui-window" data-options="modal:true,closed:true,minimizable:false,shadow:false">
    <form name="form1" method="post" id="form1">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <th style=" padding:20px;">Excel：</th>
                <td style=" padding:20px;">
                    <input name="ExcelPath" type="text" maxlength="" id="txtExcelPath" readonly="readonly" style="width:200px" class="txtInput normal left">
                    <a href="javascript:$('#FileUpload').trigger('click').void(0);;" class="files">@Resource.Browse</a>
                    <input class="displaynone" type="file" id="FileUpload" name="FileUpload" onchange="Upload('ExcelFile', 'txtExcelPath', 'FileUpload');">
                    <span class="uploading">@Resource.Uploading</span>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
        <div class="endbtndiv">
            <a id="btnSave" href="javascript:ImportData()" class="easyui-linkbutton btns">Save</a>
            <a id="btnReturn" href="javascript:$('#uploadExcel').window('close')" class="easyui-linkbutton btnc">Close</a>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>

导入按钮事件只要弹出上传框就好

  $("#btnImport").click(function () {
            $("#uploadExcel").window({ title: '@Resource.Import', width: 450, height: 160, iconCls: 'icon-details' }).window('open');
        });

保证上传是成功的。

直接查看源码的C#上传代码

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------上面只是前期的准备工作--------------------------------------------------------------

在业务层添加以下代码

using Apps.Common;
using Apps.Models;
using Apps.Models.Spl;
using LinqToExcel;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Apps.Spl.BLL
{
    public partial class Spl_ProductBLL
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 校验Excel数据
        /// </summary>
        public bool CheckImportData( string fileName, List<Spl_PersonModel> personList,ref ValidationErrors errors )
        {

            var targetFile = new FileInfo(fileName);

            if (!targetFile.Exists)
            {

                errors.Add("导入的数据文件不存在");
                return false;
            }

            var excelFile = new ExcelQueryFactory(fileName);

            //对应列头
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Name, "Name");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Sex, "Sex");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Age, "Age");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.IDCard, "IDCard");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Phone, "Phone");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Email, "Email");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Address, "Address");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Region, "Region");
            excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Category, "Category");
            //SheetName
            var excelContent = excelFile.Worksheet<Spl_PersonModel>(0);

            int rowIndex = 1;

            //检查数据正确性
            foreach (var row in excelContent)
            {
                var errorMessage = new StringBuilder();
                var person = new Spl_PersonModel();

                person.Id =
                person.Name = row.Name;
                person.Sex = row.Sex;
                person.Age = row.Age;
                person.IDCard = row.IDCard;
                person.Phone = row.Phone;
                person.Email = row.Email;
                person.Address = row.Address;
                person.Region = row.Region;
                person.Category = row.Category;

                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(row.Name))
                {
                    errorMessage.Append("Name - 不能为空. ");
                }

                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(row.IDCard))
                {
                    errorMessage.Append("IDCard - 不能为空. ");
                }

                //=============================================================================
                if (errorMessage.Length > 0)
                {
                    errors.Add(string.Format(
                        "第 {0} 列发现错误：{1}{2}",
                        rowIndex,
                        errorMessage,
                        "<br/>"));
                }
                personList.Add(person);
                rowIndex += 1;
            }
            if (errors.Count > 0)
            {
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 保存数据
        /// </summary>
        public void SaveImportData(IEnumerable<Spl_PersonModel> personList)
        {
            try
            {
                DBContainer db = new DBContainer();
                foreach (var model in personList)
                {
                    Spl_Person entity = new Spl_Person();
                    entity.Id = ResultHelper.NewId;
                    entity.Name = model.Name;
                    entity.Sex = model.Sex;
                    entity.Age = model.Age;
                    entity.IDCard = model.IDCard;
                    entity.Phone = model.Phone;
                    entity.Email = model.Email;
                    entity.Address = model.Address;
                    entity.CreateTime = ResultHelper.NowTime;
                    entity.Region = model.Region;
                    entity.Category = model.Category;
                    db.Spl_Person.Add(entity);
                }
                db.SaveChanges();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
    }
}

BLL

 public class ValidationErrors : List<ValidationError>
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 添加错误
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="errorMessage">信息描述</param>
        public void Add(string errorMessage)
        {
            base.Add(new ValidationError { ErrorMessage = errorMessage });
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取错误集合
        /// </summary>
        public string Error
        {
            get {
                string error = "";
                this.All(a => {
                    error += a.ErrorMessage;
                    return true;
                });
                return error;
            }
        }
    }

ValidationError

代码包含两个方法

public bool CheckImportData( string fileName, List<Spl_PersonModel> personList,ValidationErrors errors )

fileName为我们上传的文件。

personList为承接数据List

ValidationErrors 错误集合

public void SaveImportData(IEnumerable<Spl_PersonModel> personList)

保存数据

别忘记添加接口

   public partial interface ISpl_PersonBLL
    {
        bool CheckImportData(string fileName, List<Spl_PersonModel> personList, ref ValidationErrors errors);
        void SaveImportData(IEnumerable<Spl_PersonModel> personList);
    }

简单明白，直接看代码，不再解析。OK这样控制器就可以直接调用了

  public ActionResult Import(string filePath)
        {
            var personList = new List<Spl_PersonModel>();
             //校验数据is
            bool checkResult = m_BLL.CheckImportData(filePath, personList, ref errors);
             //校验通过直接保存
             if (checkResult)
             {
                 m_BLL.SaveImportData(personList);
                 LogHandler.WriteServiceLog(GetUserId(),"导入成功", "成功", "导入", "Spl_Person");
                 return Json(JsonHandler.CreateMessage(, Resource.InsertSucceed));
             }
             else
             {
                 string ErrorCol = errors.Error;
                 LogHandler.WriteServiceLog(GetUserId(), ErrorCol, "失败", "导入", "Spl_Person");
                 return Json(JsonHandler.CreateMessage(, Resource.InsertFail + ErrorCol));
              }

        }

最后前端还需要把路径给回来。

 function ImportData()
    {
        $.post("@Url.Action("Import")?filePath=" + $("#txtExcelPath").val(), function (data) {
            if (data.type == ) {
                $("#List").datagrid('load');
                $('#uploadExcel').window('close');
            }
            $.messageBox5s('@Resource.Tip', data.message);

        }, "json");
    }

OK测试一下！建立一个新的excel格式

一般情况下我们是提供模版给用户下载供用户输入数据，来确保格式的正确性

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------导出功能------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.安装ClosedXML NuGet包

在控制器添加以下代码：

   public ActionResult Export()
        {
            var exportSpource = this.GetExportData();
            var dt = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataTable>(exportSpource.ToString());

            var exportFileName = string.Concat(
                "Person",
                DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss"),
                ".xlsx");

            return new ExportExcelResult
            {
                SheetName = "人员列表",
                FileName = exportFileName,
                ExportData = dt
            };
        }

        private JArray GetExportData()
        {
            List<Spl_PersonModel> list = m_BLL.GetList(ref setNoPagerAscById, "");
            JArray jObjects = new JArray();

            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                var jo = new JObject();
                jo.Add("Id", item.Id);
                jo.Add("Name", item.Name);
                jo.Add("Sex", item.Sex);
                jo.Add("Age", item.Age);
                jo.Add("IDCard", item.IDCard);
                jo.Add("Phone", item.Phone);
                jo.Add("Email", item.Email);
                jo.Add("Address", item.Address);
                jo.Add("CreateTime", item.CreateTime);
                jo.Add("Region", item.Region);
                jo.Add("Category", item.Category);
                jObjects.Add(jo);
            }
            return jObjects;
        }

注意：ExportExcelResult

此类是使用ClosedXML.Excel，已经封装好了。大家直接拿来用就可以。把关注点都放在业务中

using ClosedXML.Excel;
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Apps.Web.Core
{
    public class ExportExcelResult : ActionResult
    {
        public string SheetName { get; set; }
        public string FileName { get; set; }
        public DataTable ExportData { get; set; }

        public ExportExcelResult()
        {

        }

        public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
        {
            if (ExportData == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidDataException("ExportData");
            }
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.SheetName))
            {
                this.SheetName = "Sheet1";
            }
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.FileName))
            {
                this.FileName = string.Concat(
                    "ExportData_",
                    DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss"),
                    ".xlsx");
            }

            this.ExportExcelEventHandler(context);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Exports the excel event handler.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context">The context.</param>
        private void ExportExcelEventHandler(ControllerContext context)
        {
            try
            {
                var workbook = new XLWorkbook();

                if (this.ExportData != null)
                {
                    context.HttpContext.Response.Clear();

                    // 编码
                    context.HttpContext.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;

                    // 设置网页ContentType
                    context.HttpContext.Response.ContentType =
                        "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet";

                    // 导出名字
                    var browser = context.HttpContext.Request.Browser.Browser;
                    var exportFileName = browser.Equals("Firefox", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                        ? this.FileName
                        : HttpUtility.UrlEncode(this.FileName, Encoding.UTF8);

                    context.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader(
                        "Content-Disposition",
                        string.Format("attachment;filename={0}", exportFileName));

                    // Add all DataTables in the DataSet as a worksheets
                    workbook.Worksheets.Add(this.ExportData, this.SheetName);

                    using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
                    {
                        workbook.SaveAs(memoryStream);
                        memoryStream.WriteTo(context.HttpContext.Response.OutputStream);
                        memoryStream.Close();
                    }
                }
                workbook.Dispose();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
    }
}

总结：

本节知识点，全部聚集在CheckImportData方法上。

对应列头是模版xlsx的列头

1.如果模版需要是是中文的，如Name=名字，那么方法应该这么写

excelFile.AddMapping<Spl_PersonModel>(x => x.Name, "名字");

2.导入第几个sheet工作薄可以这么写

我这里写0是指第一个sheet工作薄。可以直接指定工作薄

var excelContent = excelFile.Worksheet<Spl_PersonModel>("Sheet1");

3.检查正确性可以确保数据的来源。可以给出用户正确的修改提示。

4.借助ClosedXML，导出实际只需要几行代码。哈哈..这是如此的简单。

 return new ExportExcelResult
            {
                SheetName = "人员列表",
                FileName = exportFileName,
                ExportData = dt
            };