为什么需要多线程?
. 模型的简化,如某些程序是由多个相对独立任务的运行:
. 图形界面的出现,输入、输出的阻塞
. 多核CPU的更好利用
. 异步行为的需要
Java多线程的特性:
. 程序的入口main本身是一个线程
. 线程是并发的,无序执行的
. 线程内部是顺序执行的
. 共享数据
Java多线程的风险:
. 安全风险:由于线程的操作顺序是不确定的,某些在单线程下能运行的程序到多线程下会出现意外的结果。
. 性能风险:服务器的吞吐量、响应性、资源消耗
Java多线程API:
Java可以通过两种形式创建线程:一、实现Runnable接口,二、继承Thread类。
- public class ThreadTest extends Thread {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ThreadTest thread = new ThreadTest();
- thread.start();
- for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
- System.out.println("main:"+i);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
- System.out.println("thread:"+i);
- }
- }
- }
- package com.openrdp.thread.api;
- public class RunnableTest implements Runnable {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- RunnableTest runnable = new RunnableTest();
- Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
- thread.start();
- for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
- System.out.println("main:"+i);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
- System.out.println("thread:"+i);
- }
- }
- }
Java线程池技术:
- package com.openrdp.thread.api;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class TreadPoolTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(99);
- TaskThread thread1 = new TaskThread("t1");
- threadPool.execute(thread1);
- TaskThread thread2 = new TaskThread("t2");
- threadPool.execute(thread2);
- }
- static class TaskThread implements Runnable {
- String param;
- public TaskThread(String param) {
- this.param = param;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- }
- }
- }