访问VBA如何确定文件是否是Excel格式?

Using MS Access VBA how can I check a file to know whether it is in Excel format?

如何使用MS Access VBA检查一个文件，以确定它是否是Excel格式?

3 个解决方案

#1

I have never had an issue where an Excel file can't directly be determined by extension, but if I had to do that, the first thing that comes to mind is the UNIX utility file, which identifies a file type by looking at its' contents. It recognizes a very large number of file types.

我从未遇到过Excel文件不能通过扩展直接确定的问题，但如果必须这样做，首先想到的是UNIX实用程序文件，它通过查看文件的内容来标识文件类型。它识别大量的文件类型。

I use Cygwin for Windows, which is essentially a UNIX environment on Windows.

我对Windows使用Cygwin，它本质上是Windows上的UNIX环境。

When I use the file command in Cygwin on an Excel 2010 (xlsx) file I've renamed '.csv', I get:

当我在Excel 2010 (xlsx)文件中使用Cygwin中的file命令时，我将其重命名为'。csv”,得到:

$ file afile.csv
afile.csv: Microsoft Excel 2007+

It's a slightly awkward solution, but in your VBA you could fork a C:\cygwin\bin\file.exe process using Windows Script Host, and capture the output for each file.

这是一个有点尴尬的解决方案，但是在你的VBA中，你可以使用C:\cygwin\bin\file。使用Windows脚本主机执行exe进程，并捕获每个文件的输出。

If you code the path to the Excel file with single ticks around it (i.e. 'C:\path\to\file'), Cygwin should interpret it correctly (Cygwin utilities expect to see a unix-like path: /path/to/file). I just verified this in a normal Windows command prompt, and it worked:

如果您对Excel文件的路径进行了编码，并在其周围进行了一次标记(例如:“C:\path\to\file”)，Cygwin应该正确地解释它(Cygwin实用程序期望看到一个类unix的路径:/path/to/file)。我刚刚在一个普通的Windows命令提示符中验证了这一点，并且成功了:

c:\>c:\cygwin\bin\file.exe 'C:\path\to\afile.csv'
C:\path\to\afile.csv: Microsoft Excel 2007+

There is also a native Windows binary of file in the GnuWin32 SourceForge project, but it seems to be a little outdated; I haven't tried it, but it may still recognize modern Excel versions.

在GnuWin32 SourceForge项目中也有一个本地Windows二进制文件，但是它似乎有点过时了;我还没有尝试过，但它可能仍然支持现代的Excel版本。

If you need a native Excel solution -- I'm not entirely sure off the top of my head; hopefully someone else has done this before.

如果你需要一个本地的Excel解决方案——我还不能完全确定;希望以前有人做过。

#2

This isn't for Access but for Excel I use this. This is not the greatest nor anybodies preferred solution, but brace yourself.

这不是访问权限，但我用Excel。这不是最好的也不是任何人都喜欢的解决方案，但是要振作起来。

Public Function IsExcelFormat(ByVal filePath As String) As Boolean

    On Error GoTo Nope
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False

    Dim wb As Workbook
    Set wb = Workbooks.Open(filePath )
    IsExcelFormat = (wb.FileFormat > 50)

CleanExit:
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
Exit Function

Nope: ' Clearly not Excel format
    Err.clear
    IsExcelFormat = False
    Resume CleanExit:

End Function

Yeah it uses Excel's automagic. I know. It's hideous. And the ScreenUpdating doesn't work entirely. Your taskbar will update as you open an close the file. But still, it works.

是的，它使用Excel的自动机。我知道。这是可怕的。而且屏幕更新也不是完全有效。当您关闭文件时，任务栏将会更新。但是,它的工作原理。

You might need to create an instance Excel in your Access VBA script and optionally pass it to function something like this. Note I haven't tested this.

您可能需要在Access VBA脚本中创建一个Excel实例，并可以选择将其传递给这样的函数。注意，我还没有测试过这个。

Public Function IsExcelFormat(ByVal file_path As String, _
        Optional byRef excel_instance as Excel.Application = Nothing) As Boolean
    On Error GoTo Nope

    Dim local_excel as boolean
    If excel_instance Is Nothing Then 
       Set excel_instance = New Excel.Application
       local_excel = True
    End If

    Dim wb As Excel.Workbook

    excel_instance.ScreenUpdating = False

    Set wb = excel_instance.Workbooks.Open(file_path)
    IsExcelFormat = (wb.FileFormat > 50)
    wb.Close savechanges:=False

CleanExit:
    If local_excel Then 
        excel_instance.Quit
    Else
        excel_instance.ScreenUpdating = True    
    End If
Exit Function
Nope: ' Clearly not Excel format
    Err.clear
    IsExcelFormat = False
    Resume CleanExit:
End Function

#3

Some notes on a possible approach using ADOX

一些关于使用矛盾的可能方法的注释。

Sub SortFiles()
''Library reference: Windows Script Host Object Model
Dim fs As New FileSystemObject
Dim ts As TextStream
Dim sType As String
Dim sFile As File

For Each sFile In fs.GetFolder("Z:\Docs\").Files
    sType = sFile.Type

    If InStr(sType, "Microsoft") = 0 Then
        sList = ListTables(sFile.Name)
        If sList = "Error: Not Excel" Then
            ''Move to suitable folder
        Else
            Debug.Print sList
            Stop
            ''This can be read as Excel, most likely
        End If

    ElseIf sType Like "*Excel*" Then
       ''Includes CSV
        sFile.Move "z:\docs\Excelfiles\"
    Else
        sFile.Move "z:\docs\OtherMS\"
    End If
Next

End Sub

Function ListTables(sFile As String) As String
''Library reference: Microsoft ADO Ext. x.x for DDL and Security
Dim cat As New ADOX.Catalog
Dim scn As String
Dim t As ADOX.Table
Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection
Dim sList As String

On Error GoTo Handle_Err:

    scn = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" _
    & "Data Source=" & sFile & ";Extended Properties=""Excel 8.0;HDR=No"""

    cn.Open scn

    cat.ActiveConnection = cn

    For Each t In cat.Tables
        sList = sList & vbCrLf & t.Name
    Next t

    ListTables = sList

Exit_Proc:
Set cn = Nothing
Set cat = Nothing
Exit Function

Handle_Err:
    If Err.Number = -2147467259 Then
        ''External table is not in the expected format.
        ListTables = "Error: Not Excel"
        Err.Clear
        Resume Exit_Proc
    Else
        Debug.Print Err.Number, Err.Description
    End If

End Function

#1