列出所有用户和组

I'm trying to get a list of all users and all groups on Mac OS X 10.5+. How can I do this?

我想要得到Mac OS X 10.5+上所有用户和所有组的列表。我该怎么做呢?

For example, the list of all users on my machine should return: _amavisd, _appowner, _appserver, _ard, _atsserver, _calendar, _carddav, _clamav, _coreaudiod, _cvmsroot, _cvs, _cyrus, _devdocs, _dovecot, _eppc, _installer, _jabber, _lda, _locationd, _lp, _mailman, _mcxalr, _mdnsresponder, _mysql, _pcastagent, _pcastserver, _postfix, _qtss, _sandbox, _screensaver, _securityagent, _serialnumberd, _softwareupdate, _spotlight, _sshd, _svn, _teamsserver, _timezone, _tokend, _trustevaluationagent, _unknown, _update_sharing, _usbmuxd, _uucp, _windowserver, _www, _xgridagent, _xgridcontroller, daemon, dave, nobody, root (that was painstakingly compiled manually).

例如，我的机器上所有用户的列表应该返回:_amkavisd， _appserver， _appserver， _atsserver， _carddav， _clamav， _coreaudiod， _cvmsroot， _cyrus， _devdocs， _dovecot， _eppc， _jabber， _jabber， _coreaudiod， _cvs_ms_ms_ms_ms_msroot， _dev， _dev， _dev， _dev， _dev， _web_dev_tw_tw_tech_tech_developmentd，_xgridagent、_xgridcontroller、守护进程、dave、nobody、root(这是手工编写的)。

How can I get that list (and the corresponding list of all groups) programmatically? I'm open to alternative (non-c based) solutions, such as Applescript, commandline, etc.

如何以编程方式获得该列表(以及所有组的相应列表)?我对其他(非基于c的)解决方案持开放态度，比如Applescript、commandline等。

Update a long time later

很久以后更新

TALlama's answer prompted me to investigate the API to Open Directory, and I found that this list can be easily acquired programmatically:

塔拉玛的回答促使我调查了打开目录的API，我发现这个列表很容易通过编程获得:

#import <OpenDirectory/OpenDirectory.h>
ODSession *s = [ODSession defaultSession];
ODNode *root = [ODNode nodeWithSession:s name:@"/Local/Default" error:nil];
ODQuery *q = [ODQuery queryWithNode:root forRecordTypes:kODRecordTypeUsers attribute:nil matchType:0 queryValues:nil returnAttributes:nil maximumResults:0 error:nil];

NSArray *results = [q resultsAllowingPartial:NO error:nil];
for (ODRecord *r in results) {
    NSLog(@"%@", [r recordName]);
}

That will log the usernames of every user on the system. Substituting in kODRecordTypeGroups will get you the list of all the groups.

这将记录系统中每个用户的用户名。代入柯达记录类型组将得到所有组的列表。

The -[ODQuery resultsAllowingPartial:error:] method is a blocking call, so you'd either want to execute this code on a background thread, or use an <ODQueryDelegate> to aggregate the results.

方法是一个阻塞调用，所以您要么希望在后台线程上执行此代码，要么使用聚合结果。

5 个解决方案

#1

The tool you want is almost certainly dscl. The shortest way to do it was already pointed out:

您需要的工具几乎肯定是dscl。最短的办法已经指出:

$ dscl . list /users
$ dscl . list /groups

If you want to output information about each user, though, use readall:

如果您想要输出关于每个用户的信息，请使用readall:

$ dscl . readall /users
$ dscl . readall /groups

And if you need to programatically parse said information, use -plist to make your life easier:

如果你需要程序化地解析这些信息，使用-plist使你的生活更简单:

$ dscl -plist . readall /users
$ dscl -plist . readall /groups

#2

Open Directory approach (from: http://rickcogley.blogspot.com/2008/11/listing-open-directory-users-on-os-x.html):

打开目录方法(来自:http://rickcogley.blogspot.com/2008/11/listing-open-directory-users-on-os-x.html):

dscacheutil -q user
dscacheutil -q group

Take each line from the respective output that starts with "name:" strip off the "name:" and you have your list. If you do not have dscacheutil, you can use the manual commands:

从以“name:”开头的相应输出中提取每一行，去掉“name:”，就得到了列表。如果您没有dscacheutil，您可以使用手动命令:

root# dscl localhost list /Local/Default/Users
root# dscl localhost list /LDAPv3/127.0.0.1/Users

Old school approach for before Open Directory....(sigh): For list of users:

老式的方法之前开的目录....(叹气):用户列表:

Grab the /etc/passwd file from the system.
从系统中获取/etc/passwd文件。
Split it out by lines
把它分成几行
Split out each line based on ":"
根据“:”将每行分开
Take the first symbol for each line
取每行的第一个符号

For list of groups:

组列表:

Grab the /etc/group file from the system.
从系统中获取/etc/group文件。
Split it out by lines
把它分成几行
Split out each line based on ":"
根据“:”将每行分开
Take the first symbol for each line
取每行的第一个符号

#3

Non-garbbled/no-tempfile commands:

Non-garbbled / no-tempfile命令:

# dscl . list /users
# dscl . list /groups

#4

check out, for example, dsexport.

例如，查看dsexport。

Here are some examples:

下面是一些例子:

dsexport /tmp/export.out /Local/Default dsRecTypeStandard:Groups

dsexport /tmp/export.out /Local/Default dsRecTypeStandard:Users

the outputs are a bit rubbish, but something like sed could clean them up for you.

输出有点垃圾，但是像sed这样的东西可以帮你清理。

#5

Back in the old days, we'd do this trivially with the NetInfo Kit, but today there's no tidy Objective-C way to do it. You'll have to dig in to the OpenDirectory API.

在过去，我们会用NetInfo工具包做这个简单的事情，但是现在还没有一个干净的Objective-C方法。您将不得不深入到OpenDirectory API。

#1