xgboost学习

时间:2021-07-03 14:41:29

1、原理

https://www.cnblogs.com/zhouxiaohui888/p/6008368.html

2、实战

xgboost中比较重要的参数介绍:

(1)学习率:learning rate :一般设置比较低,0.1以下

(2)tree:

max_depth

min_child_weight

subsample

colsample_bytree

gamma

(3)正则化参数

lambda

alpha

(1)objective [ default=reg:linear ] 定义学习任务及相应的学习目标,可选的目标函数如下:

  • “reg:linear” –线性回归。
  • “reg:logistic” –逻辑回归。
  • “binary:logistic” –二分类的逻辑回归问题,输出为概率。
  • “binary:logitraw” –二分类的逻辑回归问题,输出的结果为wTx。
  • “count:poisson” –计数问题的poisson回归,输出结果为poisson分布。 在poisson回归中,max_delta_step的缺省值为0.7。(used to safeguard optimization)
  • “multi:softmax” –让XGBoost采用softmax目标函数处理多分类问题,同时需要设置参数num_class(类别个数)
  • “multi:softprob” –和softmax一样,但是输出的是ndata * nclass的向量,可以将该向量reshape成ndata行nclass列的矩阵。没行数据表示样本所属于每个类别的概率。
  • “rank:pairwise” –set XGBoost to do ranking task by minimizing the pairwise loss

(2)’eval_metric’ The choices are listed below,评估指标:

  • “rmse”: root mean square error
  • “logloss”: negative log-likelihood
  • “error”: Binary classification error rate. It is calculated as #(wrong cases)/#(all cases). For the predictions, the evaluation will regard the instances with prediction value larger than 0.5 as positive instances, and the others as negative instances.
  • “merror”: Multiclass classification error rate. It is calculated as #(wrong cases)/#(all cases).
  • “mlogloss”: Multiclass logloss
  • “auc”: Area under the curve for ranking evaluation.
  • “ndcg”:Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain
  • “map”:Mean average precision
  • “ndcg@n”,”map@n”: n can be assigned as an integer to cut off the top positions in the lists for evaluation.
  • “ndcg-“,”map-“,”ndcg@n-“,”map@n-“: In XGBoost, NDCG and MAP will evaluate the score of a list without any positive samples as 1. By adding “-” in the evaluation metric XGBoost will evaluate these score as 0 to be consistent under some conditions.

(3)lambda [default=0] L2 正则的惩罚系数

(4)alpha [default=0] L1 正则的惩罚系数

(5)lambda_bias 在偏置上的L2正则。缺省值为0(在L1上没有偏置项的正则,因为L1时偏置不重要)

(6)eta [default=0.3] 
为了防止过拟合,更新过程中用到的收缩步长。在每次提升计算之后,算法会直接获得新特征的权重。 eta通过缩减特征的权重使提升计算过程更加保守。缺省值为0.3 
取值范围为:[0,1]

(7)max_depth [default=6] 数的最大深度。缺省值为6 ,取值范围为:[1,∞]

(8)min_child_weight [default=1] 
孩子节点中最小的样本权重和。如果一个叶子节点的样本权重和小于min_child_weight则拆分过程结束。在现行回归模型中,这个参数是指建立每个模型所需要的最小样本数。该成熟越大算法越conservative 
取值范围为: [0,∞]

xgb1=XGBClassifier(
learning_rate=0.1,
n_estimators=1000,
max_depth=5,
min_child_weight=1,
gamma=0,
subsample=0.8
colsample_bytree=0.8,
objective='binary:logistic',
nthread=4,
scale_pos_weight=1,
seed=27)

3、xgboost重要模块:plot_importance【显示特征的重要性】

from xgboost import XGBClassifier
from xgboost import plot_importance
from matplotlib import pyplot model=XGBClassifier()
model.fit(X,Y)
plot_importance(model)
pyplot.show()
#图中就可以显示出各种特征的重要性