上一篇博客springMVC源码分析--异常处理机制HandlerExceptionResolver简单示例(一)中我们简单地实现了一个异常处理实例,接下来我们要介绍一下HandlerExceptionResolver是如何捕获到Controller中抛出的异常并展示到前台页面的。
DispatcherServlet是springMVC中最重要的一个类,之前我们已经有博客对其进行介绍过,可以看看其实现机制。
HandlerExceptionResolver可以捕获Controller中抛出的异常,因此还是和Controller的运行机制有关,我们就想到了DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法,其异常捕获机制还是比较简单的,就是通过一个try catch来完成的,简直玩的六啊!
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { try { ModelAndView mv = null; Exception dispatchException = null; //开始捕获Controller执行过程中抛出的异常 try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request); // Determine handler for the current request. mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Determine handler adapter for the current request. HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler. String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method); if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified); } if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // Actually invoke the handler. mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv); mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); }//捕获Controller执行过程中抛出的异常 catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } //异常处理操作,与HandlerExceptionResolver的操作有关 processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); } catch (Exception ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex); } catch (Error err) { triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); } } else { // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. if (multipartRequestParsed) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } }
在doDispatch方法中我们看到了如何捕获Controller执行过程中抛出的异常,接下来就是异常处理机制了,在processDispatchResult中,红色区域是异常处理的操作,最终操作还是在processHandlerException中了。
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, ModelAndView mv, Exception exception) throws Exception { boolean errorView = false; if (exception != null) { if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) { logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception); mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView(); } else { Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null); mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); errorView = (mv != null); } } // Did the handler return a view to render? if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { render(mv, request, response); if (errorView) { WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request); } } else { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling"); } } if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Concurrent handling started during a forward return; } if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null); } }
processHandlerException中异常操作也是比较简单的,springMVC启动加载时会将所有的异常处理HandlerExceptionResolver实现类存放到handlerExceptionResolvers一个map结构中,当默认执行时,只要放回的exMv不为空就中止执行其他的异常处理实现类
protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { // Check registered HandlerExceptionResolvers... ModelAndView exMv = null; for (HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver : this.handlerExceptionResolvers) { exMv = handlerExceptionResolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex); if (exMv != null) { break; } } if (exMv != null) { if (exMv.isEmpty()) { request.setAttribute(EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE, ex); return null; } // We might still need view name translation for a plain error model... if (!exMv.hasView()) { exMv.setViewName(getDefaultViewName(request)); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Handler execution resulted in exception - forwarding to resolved error view: " + exMv, ex); } WebUtils.exposeErrorRequestAttributes(request, ex, getServletName()); return exMv; } throw ex; }
最终结果就放回ModelAndView变量exMV,processDispatchResult方法执行接下来的操作
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, ModelAndView mv, Exception exception) throws Exception { boolean errorView = false; if (exception != null) { if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) { logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception); mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView(); } else { Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null); mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); errorView = (mv != null); } } // Did the handler return a view to render? if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { render(mv, request, response); if (errorView) { WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request); } } else { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling"); } } if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Concurrent handling started during a forward return; } if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null); } }
最终获得异常处理HandlerExceptionResolver执行后的结果ModelAndView对象,完成异常页面的渲染工作。这个异常拦截处理的操作感觉设计的真是非常巧妙,希望能让大家了解springMVC的异常处理机制。