Java自学-集合框架 Comparator和Comparable

时间:2021-08-01 11:52:48

Java Comparator和Comparable

步骤 1 : Comparator

假设Hero有三个属性 name,hp,damage

一个集合中放存放10个Hero,通过Collections.sort对这10个进行排序

那么到底是hp小的放前面?还是damage小的放前面?Collections.sort也无法确定

所以要指定到底按照哪种属性进行排序

这里就需要提供一个Comparator给定如何进行两个对象之间的大小比较

Java自学-集合框架 Comparator和Comparable

//Hero.java
package charactor; public class Hero {
public String name;
public float hp; public int damage; public Hero() { } public Hero(String name) { this.name = name;
} public String toString() {
return "Hero [name=" + name + ", hp=" + hp + ", damage=" + damage + "]\r\n";
} public Hero(String name, int hp, int damage) {
this.name = name;
this.hp = hp;
this.damage = damage;
} }
//TestCollection.java
package collection; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random; import charactor.Hero; public class TestCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Random r =new Random();
List<Hero> heros = new ArrayList<Hero>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//通过随机值实例化hero的hp和damage
heros.add(new Hero("hero "+ i, r.nextInt(100), r.nextInt(100)));
}
System.out.println("初始化后的集合:");
System.out.println(heros); //直接调用sort会出现编译错误,因为Hero有各种属性
//到底按照哪种属性进行比较,Collections也不知道,不确定,所以没法排
//Collections.sort(heros); //引入Comparator,指定比较的算法
Comparator<Hero> c = new Comparator<Hero>() {
@Override
public int compare(Hero h1, Hero h2) {
//按照hp进行排序
if(h1.hp>=h2.hp)
return 1; //正数表示h1比h2要大
else
return -1;
}
};
Collections.sort(heros,c);
System.out.println("按照血量排序后的集合:");
System.out.println(heros);
}
}

步骤 2 : Comparable

使Hero类实现Comparable接口

在类里面提供比较算法

Collections.sort就有足够的信息进行排序了,也无需额外提供比较器Comparator

: 如果返回-1, 就表示当前的更小,否则就是更大

Java自学-集合框架 Comparator和Comparable

package charactor;

public class Hero implements Comparable<Hero>{
public String name;
public float hp; public int damage; public Hero(){ } public Hero(String name) {
this.name =name; } //初始化name,hp,damage的构造方法
public Hero(String name,float hp, int damage) {
this.name =name;
this.hp = hp;
this.damage = damage;
} @Override
public int compareTo(Hero anotherHero) {
if(damage<anotherHero.damage)
return 1;
else
return -1;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Hero [name=" + name + ", hp=" + hp + ", damage=" + damage + "]\r\n";
} }
package collection; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random; import charactor.Hero; public class TestCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Random r =new Random();
List<Hero> heros = new ArrayList<Hero>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//通过随机值实例化hero的hp和damage
heros.add(new Hero("hero "+ i, r.nextInt(100), r.nextInt(100)));
} System.out.println("初始化后的集合");
System.out.println(heros); //Hero类实现了接口Comparable,即自带比较信息。
//Collections直接进行排序,无需额外的Comparator
Collections.sort(heros);
System.out.println("按照伤害高低排序后的集合");
System.out.println(heros); }
}

练习自定义顺序的TreeSet

默认情况下,TreeSet中的数据是从小到大排序的,不过TreeSet的构造方法支持传入一个Comparator

public TreeSet(Comparator comparator)

通过这个构造方法创建一个TreeSet,使得其中的的数字是倒排序的

答案 :

package collection;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet; public class TestCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) { Comparator<Integer> c =new Comparator<Integer>() { @Override
public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
return o2-o1;
}
}; Set<Integer> treeSet = new TreeSet<>(c);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
treeSet.add(i);
}
System.out.println(treeSet);
}
}