R语言实战读书笔记(三)图形初阶

时间:2022-03-08 14:31:58

这篇简直是白写了,写到后面发现ggplot明显更好用

3.1 使用图形

attach(mtcars)
plot(wt, mpg)  #x轴wt,y轴pg
abline(lm(mpg ~ wt))  #画线拟合
title("Regression of MPG on Weight")
detach(mtcars)

R语言中画图只有一幅,如果要画多幅,用dev.new()

3.2 例子

dose <- c(20, 30, 40, 45, 60)
drugA <- c(16, 20, 27, 40, 60)
drugB <- c(15, 18, 25, 31, 40)
plot(dose, drugA, type = "b")  #type="b"是点线图

R语言实战读书笔记(三)图形初阶

3.3 图形参数

par():修改图形参数

3.3.1 符号和线条

pch:指定绘制点时使用的符号

R语言实战读书笔记(三)图形初阶

cex:指定符号大小,默认为1,1.5表示放大为默认值的1.5倍

lty:指定线条类型,linetype,真难记啊直接写完整英文单词不好吗

R语言实战读书笔记(三)图形初阶

lwd:指定线条宽度,linewidth

3.3.2 颜色

col:绘图颜色,col=c("red","blue"),

col.axis:坐标轴刻度文字的颜色

col.lab:坐标轴标签的颜色

col.main:标题颜色

col.sub:副标题颜色

fg:图形前景色

bg:图形背景色

colors():返回所有颜色名称

返回连续形颜色,rainbow(),heat.colors(),terrain.colors(),topo.colors(),cm.colors(),gray()

n <- 10
mycolors <- rainbow(n)
pie(rep(1, n), labels = mycolors, col = mycolors)
mygrays <- gray(0:n/n)
pie(rep(1, n), labels = mygrays, col = mygrays)

3.3.3 文本属性

cex:文本大小

cex.axis:坐标轴刻度文字的缩放倍数

cex.lab:坐标轴名称的缩放倍数

cex.main:标题的缩放倍数

cex.sub:副标题的缩放倍数

font:字体,1常规,2粗体,3斜体,4粗斜体,5=符号字体

font.axis

font.lab

font.main

font.sub

ps:字体磅值

3.3.4 图形尺寸与边界尺寸

pin:以英寸表示图形尺寸

mai:以数值向量表示的边界大小,顺序为下左上右,单位是英寸

mar:以数值向量表示的边界大小,单位是英分

3.4 添加文本,自定义坐标轴和图例

main:标题

sub:副标题

xlab/ylab:X与Y轴名称

xlim/ylim:X与Y轴范围

如下图
plot(dose, drugA, type = "b", col = "red", lty = 2, pch = 2, lwd = 2, main = "Clinical Trials for Drug A", sub = "This is hypothetical data", xlab = "Dosage", ylab = "Drug Response",

xlim = c(0, 60), ylim = c(0, 70))

3.4.1 标题

title():

title(main="main text",sub="sub title",xlab="x axis label",ylab="y axis label")

3.4.2 坐标轴

axis()

如下代码

x <- c(1:10)
y <- x
z <- 10/x
opar <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)
par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 8) + 0.1)

plot(x, y, type = "b", pch = 21, col = "red", yaxt = "n", lty = 3, ann = FALSE)
lines(x, z, type = "b", pch = 22, col = "blue", lty = 2)
axis(2, at = x, labels = x, col.axis = "red", las = 2)
axis(4, at = z, labels = round(z, digits = 2), col.axis = "blue", las = 2, cex.axis = 0.7, tck = -0.01)
mtext("y=1/x", side = 4, line = 3, cex.lab = 1, las = 2, col = "blue")#在图形边界添加文本
title("An Example of Creative Axes", xlab = "X values", ylab = "Y=X")
par(opar)

R语言实战读书笔记(三)图形初阶

3.4.3 参考线

abline(h=yvalues,v=xvalues)

3.4.4 图例

lengend()

如下代码

dose <- c(20, 30, 40, 45, 60)
drugA <- c(16, 20, 27, 40, 60)
drugB <- c(15, 18, 25, 31, 40)
opar <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)
par(lwd = 2, cex = 1.5, font.lab = 2)
plot(dose, drugA, type = "b", pch = 15, lty = 1, col = "red",
ylim = c(0, 60), main = "Drug A vs. Drug B", xlab = "Drug Dosage",
ylab = "Drug Response")
lines(dose, drugB, type = "b", pch = 17, lty = 2, col = "blue")
abline(h = c(30), lwd = 1.5, lty = 2, col = "grey")
library(Hmisc)
minor.tick(nx = 3, ny = 3, tick.ratio = 0.5)
legend("topleft", inset = 0.05, title = "Drug Type",
c("A", "B"), lty = c(1, 2), pch = c(15, 17), col = c("red",
"blue"))
par(opar)

R语言实战读书笔记(三)图形初阶

3.4.5 文本标注

text():在绘图区域内添加文本

mtext():在四个边界添加文本

3.5 图形的组合

par(mfrow=c(2,2))  #一个图中放4个小图,2行2列

layout(matrix(c(1, 1, 2, 3), 2, 2, byrow = TRUE))  #一个图中放了3个小图,第一行1个,第二行2个