#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> typedef struct AvlNode *Position; typedef struct AvlNode *AvlTree; typedef int ElementType; struct AvlNode{ ElementType Element; AvlTree Left; AvlTree Right; int Height; }AvlNode; //Avl函数的声明 AvlTree CreateTree(); //创建Avl树 Position Find(ElementType Element, AvlTree T); //查找 Position FindMax(AvlTree T); Position FindMin(AvlTree T); AvlTree Insert(ElementType Element, AvlTree T); //插入 AvlTree Delete(ElementType Element, AvlTree T); //删除 //插入结点到AVL树所需的函数声明 int Height(AvlTree T); //返回树的高 int Max(ElementType A, ElementType B); //比较树高 Position SingleRotateWithLeft(Position K2); //左单旋 Position SingleRotateWithRight(Position K2); //右单旋 Position DoubleRotateWithLeft(Position K3); //左右双旋 Position DoubleRotateWithRight(Position K3); //右左双旋 void PreOrder_1(AvlTree T); //先序遍历(递归) int main() { AvlTree T; ElementType Element; , i; printf(" 本程序实现Avl树的基本操作。 \n"); printf("| |\n"); printf("|**********************************************************************|\n"); printf("| Avl树的基本操作如下: |\n"); printf("| 0.创建Avl树 |\n"); printf("| 1.查找 |\n"); printf("| 2.插入 |\n"); printf("| 3.删除 |\n"); printf("| 4.将Avl树遍历 |\n"); printf("|**********************************************************************|\n"); while(flag){ printf("| 请选择功能: |\n"); scanf("%d", &i); //输入需要选择的功能 switch(i){ : printf("请输入Avl树的根结点(0代表NULL):"); T = CreateTree(); break; : if(T){ printf("请输入要查找的元素:"); scanf("%d", &Element); if( Find(Element, T)) printf("该元素存在!\n"); else printf("该元素不存在!\n"); }else printf(" Avl树为空!\n"); break; : if(T){ printf("请输入要插入的元素:"); scanf("%d", &Element); T = Insert(Element, T); }else printf(" Avl树为空!\n"); break; : if(T){ printf("请输入要删除的元素:"); scanf("%d", &Element); T = Delete(Element, T); }else printf(" Avl树为空!\n"); break; : if(T){ printf("(先序)遍历的结果为:"); PreOrder_1(T); printf("\n"); }else printf(" Avl树为空!\n"); break; default: flag = ; printf("程序运行结束,按任意键退出!\n"); } } ; } //Avl树的函数 AvlTree CreateTree() //创建Avl树 { ElementType ch; AvlTree T; scanf("\n%d", &ch); ) T = NULL; else{ if(!(T = (AvlTree)malloc(sizeof(AvlNode)))) exit(-); T->Element = ch; printf("%d的左儿子为:", T->Element ); T->Left = CreateTree(); printf("%d的右儿子为:", T->Element ); T->Right = CreateTree(); } return T; } Position Find(ElementType Element, AvlTree T) //Avl树的查找 { if(T == NULL) return NULL; if(Element < T->Element) //向左找 return Find(Element, T->Left); else if(Element > T->Element) //向右找 return Find(Element, T->Right); else return T; } Position FindMax(AvlTree T) //找最大值(非递归) { if(T != NULL){ while(T->Right != NULL ) //一直向右找 T = T->Right; } return T; } // Position FindMax(AvlTree T) //找最大值(递归) //{ // if(T == NULL) // return NULL; // else if(T->Right == NULL) // return T; // else // return FindMax(T->Right); // } Position FindMin(AvlTree T) //找最小值(非递归) { if(T != NULL){ //一直向左找 while(T->Left != NULL ) T = T->Left; } return T; } // Position FindMin(AvlTree T) //找最小值(递归) //{ // if(T == NULL) // return NULL; // else if(T->Left == NULL) // return T; // else // return FindMax(T->Left); // } AvlTree Insert(ElementType Element, AvlTree T) //插入元素到AVL树中 { if(T == NULL){ //如果是空树,则初始化之 if(!(T = (AvlTree)malloc(sizeof(AvlNode)))) exit(-); else{ T->Element = Element; T->Height = ; T->Left = T->Right = NULL; } }else if(Element < T->Element ){ //向左找 T->Left = Insert(Element, T->Left); ) //破坏了Avl树的平衡 if(Element < T->Left->Element ) T = SingleRotateWithLeft(T); //左 单旋(可以理解为此时树向左下沉(即天平偏向左边,需要向右挪树)) else T = DoubleRotateWithLeft(T); //左右双旋 (先执行右单旋,再执行左单旋,一共旋转2次) }else if(Element > T->Element ){ T->Right = Insert(Element, T->Right); ) if(Element > T->Right->Element ) T = SingleRotateWithRight(T); //右单旋 else T = DoubleRotateWithRight(T); //右左双旋 } T->Height = Max(Height(T->Left ), Height(T->Right )) + ; //平衡后新树的高度 return T; } AvlTree Delete(ElementType Element, AvlTree T) //删除元素 (与搜索二叉树的删除类似) { Position TmpCell; if(T == NULL) //空树 printf("没找到该元素,无法删除!\n"); else if(Element < T->Element) T->Left = Delete(Element, T->Left); else if(Element > T->Element) T->Right = Delete(Element, T->Right); else if(T->Left && T->Right){ //要删除的树左右都有儿子 TmpCell = FindMin(T->Right); //用该结点右儿子上最小结点替换该结点,然后与只有一个儿子的操作方法相同 T->Element = TmpCell->Element; T->Right = Delete(T->Element, T->Right); }else{ TmpCell = T; //要删除的结点只有一个儿子 if(T->Left == NULL) T = T->Right; else if(T->Right == NULL) T = T->Left; free(TmpCell); } return T; } void PreOrder_1(AvlTree T) //先序遍历(递归) { if(T){ printf("%d ", T->Element); PreOrder_1(T->Left); PreOrder_1(T->Right); } } int Height(AvlTree T) //返回的高 { if(T == NULL) ; else + Max(Height(T->Left ), Height(T->Right )); } int Max(ElementType A, ElementType B) //比较树高 { if(A > B) return A; else return B; } Position SingleRotateWithLeft(Position K2) //左单旋 { Position K1; K1 = K2->Left ; K2->Left = K1->Right ; K1->Right = K2; K2->Height = Max(Height(K2->Left ), Height(K2->Right )) + ; K1->Height = Max(Height(K1->Left ), Height(K1->Right )) + ; return K1; } Position SingleRotateWithRight(Position K2) //右单旋 { Position K1; K1 = K2->Right ; K2->Right = K1->Left ; K1->Left = K2; K2->Height = Max(Height(K2->Left ), Height(K2->Right )) + ; K1->Height = Max(Height(K1->Left ), Height(K1->Right )) + ; return K1; } Position DoubleRotateWithLeft(Position K3) //左右双旋 { K3->Left = SingleRotateWithRight(K3->Left ); return SingleRotateWithLeft(K3); } Position DoubleRotateWithRight(Position K3) //右左双旋 { K3->Right = SingleRotateWithLeft(K3->Right ); return SingleRotateWithRight(K3); }