问题描述
先说明一下问题的由来:
Django的模型中经常会用ForeignKey来关联其他表格数据
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class MeasureTask(models.Model):
taskname = models.CharField(max_length = LEN_FULLNAME, verbose_name = "任务名称" )
road = models.ForeignKey(Road, on_delete = models.CASCADE, verbose_name = "设计路段" )
# 路面层,附加一个参数 ,指定这个层的厚度,相对于底层的厚度
# road_level = models.ForeignKey(RoadLevel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="路面层")
level_thick = models.IntegerField(default = 0 , verbose_name = "层厚(mm)" )
# ...
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使用Django的ModelForm转化为表单代码如下:
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class MeasureTaskNewForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = MeasureTask
fields = ( 'taskname' , 'staff' , 'start_mileage' , 'end_mileage' ,
'road' , 'level_thick' , 'step' , 'equip' , 'comment' )
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如果不做进一步处理,在网页中使用这个From时,关联字段会自动转化为一个select控件,里面包含了所有选项,如下图:
实际应用时,需要对关联的字段做一些选择过滤。期望的结果如下:
解决方式
在From类中设置一个初始化函数:
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class MeasureTaskNewForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = MeasureTask
fields = ( 'taskname' , 'staff' , 'start_mileage' , 'end_mileage' ,
'road' , 'level_thick' , 'step' , 'equip' , 'comment' )
# 对参数作初始化设置,导致返回之后的Form验证失败
def __init__( self , road_choices = None , * args, * * kwargs):
super (MeasureTaskNewForm, self ).__init__( * args, * * kwargs)
if road_choices:
self .fields[ 'road' ].choices = road_choices
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应用这个类的方式如下,注意传入参数的数据类型,
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# 对关联数据过滤
roads = Road.objects. filter (project = p_item)
# 生成值,分别对应于 html 中 select->option 设置
choices = roads.values_list( 'id' , 'name' )
dataform = MeasureTaskNewForm(road_choices = choices)
# dataform = MeasureTaskNewFormShadow()
return render(request, "mdata/html/measure_task_add.html" , locals ())
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生成的html代码:
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<select name = "road" id = "id_road" class = "form-control" >
<option value = "1" >北四环主线< / option>
<option value = "5" >匝道A< / option>
< / select>
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到这里生成的表单页面没有问题了,但是表单提交返回时如果还是用这个From来接收Request数据,则会出现数据校验失败的问题
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if request.method = = "POST" :
dataform = MeasureTaskNewForm(request.POST)
# 这里将出现校验失败的问题
if dataform.is_valid():
dataform.save()
return redirect( 'mdata:measure_task' , pid = p_item. id )
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为了解决这个问题,另外做了一个没有初始化函数的表单类来接收数据.
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# 影子表单模型
class MeasureTaskNewFormShadow(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = MeasureTask
fields = ( 'taskname' , 'staff' , 'start_mileage' , 'end_mileage' ,
'road' , 'level_thick' , 'step' , 'equip' , 'comment' )
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if request.method = = "POST" :
dataform = MeasureTaskNewFormShadow(request.POST)
if dataform.is_valid():
dataform.save()
return redirect( 'mdata:measure_task' , pid = p_item. id )
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感觉这里应该有更好的方法,尝试对Form的初始化函数做了一些修改,但是没有成功。
参考资料
https://qastack.cn/programming/813418/django-set-field-value-after-a-form-is-initialized
http://hk.uwenku.com/question/p-vdjpsmjn-bes.html
https://www.itranslater.com/qa/details/2325790729974580224
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原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/wujbclzw/archive/2021/04/29/14716862.html