crawler4j 学习(二)

时间:2022-11-02 09:38:40

crawler4j 学习(二)

实现控制器类以制定抓取的种子(seed)、中间数据存储的文件夹、并发线程的数目:

public class Controller {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String crawlStorageFolder = "/data/crawl/root";
int numberOfCrawlers = 7; CrawlConfig config = new CrawlConfig();
config.setCrawlStorageFolder(crawlStorageFolder); /*
* Instantiate the controller for this crawl.
*/
PageFetcher pageFetcher = new PageFetcher(config);
RobotstxtConfig robotstxtConfig = new RobotstxtConfig();
RobotstxtServer robotstxtServer = new RobotstxtServer(robotstxtConfig, pageFetcher);
CrawlController controller = new CrawlController(config, pageFetcher, robotstxtServer); /*
* For each crawl, you need to add some seed urls. These are the first
* URLs that are fetched and then the crawler starts following links
* which are found in these pages
*/
controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~lopes/");
controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~welling/");
controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/"); /*
* Start the crawl. This is a blocking operation, meaning that your code
* will reach the line after this only when crawling is finished.
*/
controller.start(MyCrawler.class, numberOfCrawlers);
}
}

配置介绍

控制器类必须传一个类型为CrawlConfig的参数,用于配置crawler4j。下面描述了一些关于配置的细节。

抓取深度

默认情况下没有抓取深度的限制。可以通过配置来限制深度,比如,你有个种子页面A连接到B,B又连接到C,C又连接到D。结构如下:

A --> B --> C --> D
A是种子页面深度为0,B为1,C、D以此类推。如:当设置抓取深度是2是,就不会抓取页面D。抓取最大深度通过以下代码配置:
crawlConfig.setMaxDepthOfCrawling(maxDepthOfCrawling);

页面抓取的最大数量

默认情况下没有抓取数量限制,可以通过以下代码配置:

crawlConfig.setMaxPagesToFetch(maxPagesToFetch);

其他限制

crawler4j是高效的,有着极快的抓取能力(比如:每秒可以抓取200个Wikipedia页面)。然而,这会给服务器带来很大的负荷(而服务器可能会阻断你的请求!)。所以,从1.3版开始,默认情况下,crawler4j每次请求前等待200毫秒。但是这个参数可以修改:

crawlConfig.setPolitenessDelay(politenessDelay);

代理

使用下代码配置爬虫通过代理:

crawlConfig.setProxyHost("proxyserver.example.com");
crawlConfig.setProxyPort(8080);

如果你的代理需要认证:

crawlConfig.setProxyUsername(username);
crawlConfig.getProxyPassword(password);

抓取恢复

有时爬虫需要运行很长时间,但中途可能意外终止了。这种情况下,可以通过以下配置恢复停止/崩溃的爬虫:

crawlConfig.setResumableCrawling(true);