知方可补不足～用xsl来修饰xml

时间：2020-11-27 08:42:18

概念相关

XSL是可扩展样式表语言的外语缩写，是一种用于以可读格式呈现 XML（标准通用标记语言的子集）数据的语言。

起始于 XSL

万维网联盟（W3C）开始发展 XSL 的原因是：存在着对于基于 XML 的样式表语言的需求。

CSS = HTML 样式表

HTML 使用预先定义的标签，每个标签的意义很容易被理解。
HTML 中的 <table> 标签定义表格 - 并且浏览器清楚如何显示它。
向 HTML 元素添加样式是很容易的。通过 CSS，很容易告知浏览器用特定的字体或颜色显示一个元素。

XSL = XML 样式表

XML 不使用预先定义的标签（我们可以使用任何喜欢的标签名），并且每个标签的意义并不都那么容易被理解。
<table> 标签意味着一个 HTML 表格，一件家具，或是别的什么东西 - 浏览器不清楚如何显示它。
XSL 可描述如何来显示 XML 文档！

XSL - 不仅仅是样式表语言

XSL 包括三部分：

XSLT - 一种用于转换 XML 文档的语言。
    XPath - 一种用于在 XML 文档中导航的语言。
    XSL-FO - 一种用于格式化 XML 文档的语言。

XSL－主要关键字

<xsl:template> 元素用于构建模板
<xsl:value-of> 元素用于提取某个选定节点的值，并把值添加到转换的输出流中
<xsl:for-each> 元素可用于选取指定的节点集中的每个 XML 元素
<xsl:sort>如需对结果进行排序，只要简单地在 XSL 文件中的 <xsl:for-each> 元素内部添加一个 <xsl:sort> 元素
<xsl:if> 如需放置针对 XML 文件内容的条件测试，请向 XSL 文档添加 <xsl:if> 元素。
<xsl:choose> 元素用于结合 <xsl:when> 和 <xsl:otherwise> 来表达多重条件测试。
<xsl:apply-templates> 元素可把一个模板应用于当前的元素或者当前元素的子节点
<xsl:when expression> 相当前于一种判断，表示当expression成立时执行的代码
<xsl:otherwise expression> 它与<xsl:when>一起使用，表示当when条件不成立时，执行的代码

代码相关

xml文件内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312" ?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="templete.xsl" ?>

<root>

  <food>

    <name>鸡蛋</name>

    <price>$5</price>

    <info>很有营养的</info>

    <unit>2</unit>

  </food>

  <food>

    <name>煎饼</name>

    <price>$4.5</price>

    <info>早餐必备</info>

    <unit>1</unit>

  </food>

  <food>

    <name>皮蛋粥</name>

    <price>$2</price>

    <info>我的最爱</info>

    <unit>1</unit>

  </food>

</root>

xsl文件内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312" ?>

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">

  <xsl:template match="/">

    <HTML>

      <head>

        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312" />

      </head>

      <BODY STYLE="font-family:微软雅黑; font-size:12pt;background-color:#fff">

        <xsl:for-each select="root/food">

          <DIV STYLE="background-color:#eeaaaa; color:white; padding:4px">

            <SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold; color:white">

              <xsl:value-of select="name"/>

            </SPAN>

            <em>

              <xsl:value-of select="price"/>

            </em>

          </DIV>

          <DIV>

            <xsl:value-of select="info"/>

            <SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic">

              (<xsl:value-of select="count" />份)

            </SPAN>

          </DIV>

        </xsl:for-each>

      </BODY>

    </HTML>

  </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

程序截图

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" 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