研究一下TForm.WMPaint过程（也得研究WM_ERASEBKGND）——TForm虽然继承自TWinControl，但是自行模仿了TCustomControl的全部行为，一共三种自绘的覆盖方法，比TCustomControl还多一种

先擦除背景：

procedure TCustomForm.WMEraseBkgnd(var Message: TWMEraseBkgnd);
begin
  if not IsIconic(Handle) then inherited
  else
  begin
    Message.Msg := WM_ICONERASEBKGND;
    DefaultHandler(Message);
  end;
end;

procedure TWinControl.WMEraseBkgnd(var Message: TWMEraseBkgnd);
begin
  with ThemeServices do
  if ThemesEnabled and Assigned(Parent) and (csParentBackground in FControlStyle) then
    begin
      { Get the parent to draw its background into the control's background. }
      DrawParentBackground(Handle, Message.DC, nil, False);
    end
    else
    begin
      { Only erase background if we're not doublebuffering or painting to memory. }
      if not FDoubleBuffered or
         (TMessage(Message).wParam = TMessage(Message).lParam) then
        FillRect(Message.DC, ClientRect, FBrush.Handle); // Brush的颜色事先读取好了
    end;

  Message.Result := ;
end;

然后进行绘制（背景色已经事先存在，无论后面绘制了什么都不影响背景色，如果不绘制，就全部都是背景色）：

procedure TCustomForm.WMPaint(var Message: TWMPaint);
var
  DC: HDC;
  PS: TPaintStruct;
begin
  if not IsIconic(Handle) then
  begin
    ControlState := ControlState + [csCustomPaint]; // 模仿1
inherited; // 模仿2
    ControlState := ControlState - [csCustomPaint];
  end
  else
  begin
    DC := BeginPaint(Handle, PS);
    DrawIcon(DC, , , GetIconHandle);
    EndPaint(Handle, PS);
  end;
end;

inherited会调用：

procedure TWinControl.WMPaint(var Message: TWMPaint);
var
  DC, MemDC: HDC;
  MemBitmap, OldBitmap: HBITMAP;
  PS: TPaintStruct;
begin
  if not FDoubleBuffered or (Message.DC <> ) then
  begin
    if not (csCustomPaint in ControlState) and (ControlCount = ) then
      inherited
    else
      PaintHandler(Message); // 走这里
end
  else
  begin
    DC := GetDC();
    MemBitmap := CreateCompatibleBitmap(DC, ClientRect.Right, ClientRect.Bottom);
    ReleaseDC(, DC);
    MemDC := CreateCompatibleDC();
    OldBitmap := SelectObject(MemDC, MemBitmap);
    try
      DC := BeginPaint(Handle, PS);
      Perform(WM_ERASEBKGND, MemDC, MemDC);
      Message.DC := MemDC;
      WMPaint(Message);
      Message.DC := ;
      BitBlt(DC, , , ClientRect.Right, ClientRect.Bottom, MemDC, , , SRCCOPY);
      EndPaint(Handle, PS);
    finally
      SelectObject(MemDC, OldBitmap);
      DeleteDC(MemDC);
      DeleteObject(MemBitmap);
    end;
  end;
end;

继续：

procedure TWinControl.PaintHandler(var Message: TWMPaint);
var
  I, Clip, SaveIndex: Integer;
  DC: HDC;
  PS: TPaintStruct;
begin
  DC := Message.DC;
  if DC =  then DC := BeginPaint(Handle, PS);
  try
    if FControls = nil then PaintWindow(DC) else
    begin
      SaveIndex := SaveDC(DC);
      Clip := SimpleRegion;
      for I :=  to FControls.Count -  do
        with TControl(FControls[I]) do
          if (Visible or (csDesigning in ComponentState) and
            not (csNoDesignVisible in ControlStyle)) and
            (csOpaque in ControlStyle) then
          begin
            Clip := ExcludeClipRect(DC, Left, Top, Left + Width, Top + Height);
            if Clip = NullRegion then Break;
          end;
      if Clip <> NullRegion then PaintWindow(DC); // 走这里
      RestoreDC(DC, SaveIndex);
    end;
    PaintControls(DC, nil);
  finally
    if Message.DC =  then EndPaint(Handle, PS);
  end;
end;

TCustomForm有相应的覆盖函数：

procedure TCustomForm.PaintWindow(DC: HDC); // 模仿3
begin
  FCanvas.Lock;
  try
    FCanvas.Handle := DC;
    try
      if FDesigner <> nil then FDesigner.PaintGrid else Paint; // 模仿4
finally
      FCanvas.Handle := ;
    end;
  finally
    FCanvas.Unlock;
  end;
end;

Paint会调用：

procedure TCustomForm.Paint; // Paint是dynamic函数，也是虚函数
begin
  if Assigned(FOnPaint) then FOnPaint(Self); // 巨变：这里直接调用程序员事件，而不是等着程序员覆盖Paint函数（那样做也可以，另外还可直接覆盖PaintWindow虚函数，所以一共有3种方法，即：覆盖OnPaint事件，覆盖PaintWindow虚函数，覆盖Paint虚函数）
end;

这个FOnPaint来自：

    property OnPaint: TNotifyEvent read FOnPaint write FOnPaint stored IsForm;

它会调用我写的事件内容：

procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
begin
  //
end;

即使为空，也丝毫不影响整个Form1的显示。也许像上面那样写会被编译器删除，那么我这样写：

procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
begin
  tag := ;
end;

还是丝毫不影响整个Form1的显示。为什么会不影响呢？因为背景色提前就绘制在上面了，后面的OnPaint无论是否绘制，都不影响它的存在，顶多覆盖一小部分区域。比如：

procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
begin
    Canvas.Brush.Color := clRed;
    Canvas.Rectangle(, , , );
end;

也就是覆盖了一个角，剩下的还是背景色。

---------------------------------------------------------------------

这里测试了覆盖Paint函数，OnPaint的代码保留，但是效果只有左上角一个小绿块，而没有红色方块。如果加上inherited（IDE会自动帮你加上，也就是推荐使用），那么红的绿的方块都有，比较有意思：

procedure TForm1.Paint;
begin
   // inherited;
    Canvas.Brush.Color := clGreen;
    Canvas.Rectangle(, , , );
end;

---------------------------------------------------------------------

唯一有个问题是，InitInheritedComponent读取dfm的颜色以后，是什么时候把它赋值给FBrush.Color的？它与{$R *.dfm}是什么关系？