任何一个maven项目都会继承一个默认的父pom配置：Super POM，详见：https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html 。
在pom.xml中可以直接使用一些变量值，如：
${project.groupId} The group id of current project
${project.version} The version of current project
${project.build.sourceDirectory} The source directory of current project
${project.basedir} The directory that the current project resides in.
${project.baseUri} The directory that the current project resides in, represented as an URI. Since Maven 2.1.0
${maven.build.timestamp} The timestamp that denotes the start of the build. Since Maven 2.1.0-M1
详见：https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html之Available Variables
一个实际完整的maven项目pom.xml文件配置框架：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!-- 模块参数 -->
<artifactId>xxx-xxx</artifactId>
<version>x.x.x</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>xxx</name>
<url>xxx</url>
<!-- 父模块,可选. -->
<parent>
<groupId>xxx</groupId>
<artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
<version>x.x.x</version>
</parent>
<!-- 定义属性 -->
<properties>
<!-- 项目编码 -->
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!-- 时间格式 -->
<maven.build.timestamp.format>yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'</maven.build.timestamp.format>
</properties>
<!-- 依赖配置 -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>xxx</groupId>
<artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
<version>x.x.x</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 定义profile: 将开发配置和生产配置分离开 -->
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>dev</id>
<properties>
<profile.dir>dev</profile.dir>
</properties>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>dev</activeByDefault>
</activation>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>test</id>
<properties>
<profile.dir>test</profile.dir>
</properties>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>prod</id>
<properties>
<profile.dir>prod</profile.dir>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
<!-- 打包 -->
<build>
<finalName>xxx</finalName>
<!-- 打包资源 -->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<excludes>
<exclude>.svn</exclude>
<exclude>.java</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources/profiles/${profile.dir}</directory>
<excludes>
<exclude>.svn</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
</resources>
<!-- 配置打包插件,如: 依赖处理,资源复制,压缩打包等 -->
<plugins>
<!-- 生成jar包时打包资源文件配置 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/profiles/**</exclude>
<exclude>**/jdbc.properties</exclude>
<exclude>**/*.proto</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 打包源码 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-sources</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 打包编译参数 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 将依赖模块的jar包文件提取出来放到指定位置 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>unpack</id>
<phase>prepare-package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>unpack</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<artifactItems>
<artifactItem>
<groupId>com.xxx</groupId>
<artifactId>xxx-xxx</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<type>jar</type>
<includes>**/*.class</includes>
<overWrite>false</overWrite>
<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
</artifactItem>
</artifactItems>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 打包可执行jar文件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>org.chench.Main</mainClass>
</transformer>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 构建时不执行单元测试 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>