在设置桌面不同分辨率以及较大DPI下,窗口如何显示的问题。
方案一 设置窗口最大值和最小值显示
通过对比当前屏幕的可显示区域,将窗口高宽最大值和最小值,设置为窗口的实际高宽(此例中仅设置高度)
界面设置
- 设置窗口内容自适应SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
- 添加ViewBox -- 设置默认不拉伸Stretch="None",当DPI超大时如超过1920*1080p的175%(即win10默认不支持的比例显示),开启ViewBox缩放
- 顶层布局容器RootGrid添加高宽最大值和最小值。
<Window x:Class="WindowHeightChangedForDpi.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowHeightChangedForDpi"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
<Viewbox x:Name="RootViewbox" Stretch="None">
<Grid x:Name="RootGrid" Width="" MaxHeight="" MinHeight="" ClipToBounds="True"> </Grid>
</Viewbox>
</Window>
后台设置 - 窗口大小自适应设置
- 添加对Loaded事件的监听,并在之后注销。窗口只需要首次初始其高度即可。
- 获取屏幕的高度和任务栏的高度 -- 具体可以参考C# 获取当前屏幕的宽高和位置
- 比较当前可显示高度(屏幕高度-任务栏高度)与窗口的最大/最小高度,然后设置当前窗口的实际高度。
- 如果可显示高度比最小值还小,则开启ViewBox内容缩放。ViewBox的高度为当前可显示高度。
- 如果当前窗口有阴影,可设置阴影高度大小。保证窗口在可显示区域内正常显示。
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
Loaded += InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded;
} #region 设置窗口对屏幕高度的自适应 private void InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Loaded -= InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded;
InitWindowActualHeight();
} private const double WindowShadowHeight = ; private void InitWindowActualHeight()
{
//获取窗体所在屏幕的高度
var visibleAreaHeight = GetScreenHeight(); //可显示高度 > 窗口最大高度
if (visibleAreaHeight > RootGrid.MaxHeight + WindowShadowHeight)
{
//设置高度等于最大高度
RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MaxHeight;
}
//可显示高度 < 窗口最小高度
else if (visibleAreaHeight < RootGrid.MinHeight + WindowShadowHeight)
{
//设置Viewbox高度=可视高度-阴影高度(此处通过绽放显示窗口,所以不能通过设置窗口或者设置内容的高度来实现)
RootViewbox.Height = visibleAreaHeight - WindowShadowHeight;
//等比例缩小
RootViewbox.Stretch = Stretch.Uniform;
}
else
{
//设置高度等于最小高度
RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MinHeight;
}
}
const double DpiPercent = ;
private double GetScreenHeight()
{
var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄
var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕 double height = ;
using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr))
{
double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent;
double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent;
height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio;
//var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio;
//var left = screen.WorkingArea.Left / dpiXRatio;
//var top = screen.WorkingArea.Top / dpiYRatio;
}
return height;
}
#endregion
}
注:获取的屏幕高度为屏幕像素,需要转换为WPF单位。
以上只是设置了高度的最大值最值,如果需要,可以对高度设置多个梯度,对应不同分辨率下的显示。
下载Demo
方案二 设置窗口为屏幕的百分比(如60%)显示
窗口设置为屏幕的百分比大小(如60%高宽)显示,在这基础上添加限制(最大值、最小值)。
如此,对多种分辨率、DPI比例,我们开发时就不需要考虑其它因素,简单明了且所有窗口大小能统一。
比如主窗口A设置为屏幕可显示区域的60%大小,二级子窗口设置为可显示区域的40%大小,三级子窗口设置为可显示区域的30%大小。
实现方案与案例
通过添加附加属性,设置当前窗口宽为可显示区域的80%大小,高为可显示区域高的75%大小。
<Window x:Class="WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow"
local:WindowAdaptation.WidthByScreenRatio="0.8" MaxWidth="1200" MinWidth="800"
local:WindowAdaptation.HeightByScreenRatio="0.75" MaxHeight="800" MinHeight="520">
<Grid Background="CornflowerBlue"> </Grid>
</Window>
添加附加属性 WidthByScreenRatio、HeightByScreenRatio。
控制窗口大小:
- 默认设置为当前屏幕工作区域的显示比例大小
- 如果超过窗口最大高度/宽高,则显示为窗口最大高度/宽高
- 如果小于窗口最小高度/宽高,则显示为当前可显示区域的最大高度/宽高
/// <summary>
/// 为窗口<see cref="Window"/>添加附加属性的辅助类
/// </summary>
public class WindowAdaptation
{
#region 窗口宽度比例
/// <summary>
/// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0]
/// <para>窗口实际宽度=使用屏幕可显示区域(屏幕高度-任务栏高度)* 窗口宽度比例</para>
/// </summary>
public static readonly DependencyProperty WidthByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"WidthByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged)); private static void OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double widthByScreenRatio)
{
if (widthByScreenRatio <= || widthByScreenRatio > )
{
throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{widthByScreenRatio}");
} var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window);
var screenRatioWidth = screenDisplayArea.Width * widthByScreenRatio; if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxWidth) && screenRatioWidth > window.MaxWidth)
{
window.Width = window.MaxWidth;
}
else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinWidth) && screenRatioWidth < window.MinWidth)
{
window.Width = screenDisplayArea.Width;
}
else
{
window.Width = screenRatioWidth;
}
}
} public static void SetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value)
{
element.SetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty, value);
} public static double GetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element)
{
return (double)element.GetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty);
}
#endregion #region 窗口高度比例
/// <summary>
/// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0]
/// <para>窗口实际宽度=使用屏幕可显示区域(屏幕高度-任务栏高度)* 窗口宽度比例</para>
/// </summary>
public static readonly DependencyProperty HeightByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"HeightByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged)); private static void OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double heightByScreenRatio)
{
if (heightByScreenRatio <= || heightByScreenRatio > )
{
throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{heightByScreenRatio}");
} var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window);
var screenRatioHeight = screenDisplayArea.Height * heightByScreenRatio; if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxHeight) && screenRatioHeight > window.MaxHeight)
{
window.Height = window.MaxHeight;
}
else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinHeight) && screenRatioHeight < window.MinHeight)
{
window.Height = screenDisplayArea.Height;
}
else
{
window.Height = screenRatioHeight;
}
}
} public static void SetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value)
{
element.SetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty, value);
} public static double GetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element)
{
return (double)element.GetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty);
}
#endregion const int DpiPercent = ;
private static dynamic GetScreenSize(Window window)
{
var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄
var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕
using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr))
{
//分别获取当前屏幕X/Y方向的DPI
double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent;
double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent; var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio;
var height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio; return new { Width = width, Height = height };
}
}
}
下载 Demo
下图为1920*1080p的175%DPI显示:
下图为1366*768的125%DPI下显示: