前言
为解决单点故障，我们需要配置主从热备方案，服务器数量有限，故使用Docker模拟安装配置。
本次配置默认已经安装了Docker。
配置环境:centos7 64位
docker版本:Docker version 17.12.1-ce, build 7390fc6
1，拉取centos7镜像
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docker pull centos:7
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2,创建容器
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docker run -it -d --name centos1 -d centos:7
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3,进入容器centos1
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docker exec -it centos1 bash
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4,安装常用工具
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yum updateyum install -y vimyum install -y wgetyum install -y gcc-c++ yum install -y pcre pcre-devel yum install -y zlib zlib-devel yum install -y openssl openssl--develyum install -y popt-develyum install -y initscripts
yum install -y net-tools
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5，将容器打包成新的镜像，以后直接以该镜像创建容器
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docker commit -a 'cfh' -m 'centos with common tools' centos1 centos_base
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6,删除之前创建的centos1 容器，重新以基础镜像创建容器，安装keepalived+nginx
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docker rm -f centos1
#容器内需要使用systemctl服务，需要加上/usr/sbin/init
docker run -it --name centos_temp -d --privileged centos_base /usr/sbin/init
docker exec -it centos_temp bash
作者：江湖救急
链接：https://juejin.im/post/5dc517386fb9a04a9272110b
来源：掘金
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
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7,安装nginx
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#使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库，安装Nginx的库
rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
# 使用下面命令安装nginx
yum install -y nginx
#启动nginx
systemctl start nginx.service
#查看是否启动成功,出现nginx欢迎界面表示安装成功
curl 172.17.0.2
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8,安装keepalived
1.下载keepalived wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz
2.解压安装：tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
3.下载插件openssl yum install -y openssl openssl-devel（需要安装一个软件包）
4.开始编译keepalivedcd /usr/local/keepalived-1.2.18/ && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
5.make一下 make && make install
9,将keepalived 安装成系统服务
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mkdir /etc/keepalivedcp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/然后复制keepalived脚本文件：cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/可以设置开机启动：chkconfig keepalived on，到此我们安装完毕!
#若启动报错，则执行下面命令
cd /usr/sbin/
rm -f keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
#常用命令
systemctl daemon-reload 重新加载systemctl enable keepalived.service 设置开机自动启动systemctl disable keepalived.service 取消开机自动启动systemctl start keepalived.service 启动systemctl stop keepalived.service停止systemctl status keepalived.service 查看服务状态
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10,修改/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件
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#备份配置文件
cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.backup
rm -f keepalived.conf
vim keepalived.conf
#配置文件如下
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"
interval 2
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 121
mcast_src_ip 172.17.0.6
priority 100
nopreempt
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.17.0.100
}
}
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11,添加心跳检测文件
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vim nginx_check.sh
#以下是脚本内容
#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx –no-header |wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
sleep 2
if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
killall keepalived
fi
fi
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12,给脚本赋予执行权限
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chmod +x nginx_check.sh
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13,设置开机启动
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systemctl enable keepalived.service
#开启keepalived
systemctl start keepalived.service
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14,检测虚拟IP是否成功,在宿主机里面执行下面命令，如果出现nginx欢迎界面表示成功
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curl 172.17.0.100
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15，将centos_temp 容器重新打包成镜像，然后利用这个新镜像再创建两个容器，实现热备效果
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docker commit -a 'cfh' -m 'centos with keepalived nginx' centos_temp centos_kn
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16,删除所有容器
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docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`
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17，用centos_kn 镜像创建主服务器容器
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docker run --privileged -tid --name centos_master --restart=always centos_kn /usr/sbin/init
docker exec -it centos_master bash
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18，修改centos_master里面nginx 欢迎页,
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vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
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19,创建从服务器容器
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docker run --privileged -tid --name centos_slave --restart=always centos_kn /usr/sbin/init
docker exec -it centos_slave bash
#修改keepalived.conf 配置文件,主要是state和priority两个参数的调整，其中master节点的priority值一定要比slave大才行
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"
interval 2
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state SLAVE
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 121
mcast_src_ip 172.17.0.6
priority 80
nopreempt
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.17.0.100
}
}
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20,修改完成之后重新加载
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systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart keepalived.service
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21,修改nginx欢迎页（若nginx没启动则执行 systemctl start nginx.service）
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vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
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22,测试
A> 分别在宿主机，centos_master,centos_slave中进行一下命令测试,如果显示都为Master的欢迎页面，说明配置成功1/3
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curl 172.17.0.100
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B> 此时停止centos_master容器( docker stop centos_master )，保留centos_slave容器，执行以下命令,若切换到Slave页面，则说明keepalived配置成功2/3
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curl 172.17.0.100
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C> 重启centos_master 容器，此时执行以下命令,看是从Slave切换到了Master,如果切换成功，说明我们配置到此成功了。
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curl 172.17.0.100
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说明，测试过程中，重启容器之后，nginx没有启动，需要进入容器启动一下，不然访问不到Master页面了，但是可以Ping通。
执行下面命令，配置nginx随机启动,这样不用每次重启容器还需要手动启动nginx
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chkconfig nginx on
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以上就是整个配置过程，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：https://juejin.im/post/5dc517386fb9a04a9272110b