MySQL Crash Course #11# Chapter 20. Updating and Deleting Data

INDEX

• Updating Data
• The IGNORE Keyword
• Deleting Data
• Faster Deletes
• Guidelines for Updating and Deleting Data

Updating Data

UPDATE customers
SET cust_name = 'The Fudds',
    cust_email = '[e-mail]'
WHERE cust_id = 10005;

To delete a column's value, you can set it to NULL (assuming the table is defined to allow NULL values). You can do this as follows:

UPDATE customers
SET cust_email = NULL
WHERE cust_id = 10005;

Here the NULL keyword is used to save no value to the cust_email column.

The IGNORE Keyword

If your UPDATE statement updates multiple rows and an error occurs while updating one or more of those rows, the entire UPDATE operation is cancelled (and any rows updated before the error occurred are restored to their original values). To continue processing updates, even if an error occurs, use the IGNORE keyword, like this:

UPDATE IGNORE customers ...

Deleting Data

DELETE FROM customers
WHERE cust_id = 10006;

DELETE takes no column names or wildcard characters. DELETE deletes entire rows, not columns. To delete specific columns use an UPDATE statement (as seen earlier in this chapter).

Faster Deletes

If you really do want to delete all rows from a table, don't use DELETE. Instead, use the trUNCATE TABLE statement that accomplished the same thing but does it much quicker (trUNCATE actually drops and recreates the table, instead of deleting each row individually).

Guidelines for Updating and Deleting Data

Here are some best practices that many SQL programmers follow:

• Never execute an UPDATE or a DELETE without a WHERE clause unless you really do intend to update and delete every row.

• Make sure every table has a primary key (refer to Chapter 15, "Joining Tables," if you have forgotten what this is), and use it as the WHERE clause whenever possible. (You may specify individual primary keys, multiple values, or value ranges.)

• Before you use a WHERE clause with an UPDATE or a DELETE, first test it with a SELECT to make sure it is filtering the right recordsit is far too easy to write incorrect WHERE clauses.

• Use database enforced referential integrity (refer to Chapter 15 for this one, too) so MySQL will not allow the deletion of rows that have data in other tables related to them.

The bottom line is that MySQL has no Undo button. Be very careful using UPDATE and DELETE, or you'll find yourself updating and deleting the wrong data.