How do I make long commands go over multiple lines in a Windows (Vista) batch file?
如何使长命令在Windows(Vista)批处理文件中多行?
5 个解决方案
#1
739
You can break up long lines with the caret ^ as long as you remember that the caret and the newline following it are completely removed. So, if there should be a space where you're breaking the line, include a space. (More on that below.)
只要您记住插入符号及其后面的换行符被完全删除,您就可以使用插入符号^分隔长行。因此,如果应该有一个空间,你要打破线,包括一个空格。 (更多关于以下内容。)
Example:
copy file1.txt file2.txt
would be written as:
将写成:
copy file1.txt^
file2.txt
#2
226
The rule for the caret is:
插入符号的规则是:
A caret at the line end, appends the next line, the first character of the appended line will be escaped.
在行尾的插入符号附加下一行,附加行的第一个字符将被转义。
You can use the caret multiple times, but the complete line must not exceed the maximum line length of ~8192 characters (Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7).
您可以多次使用插入符号,但完整的行不得超过〜8192个字符的最大行长度(Windows XP,Windows Vista和Windows 7)。
echo Test1
echo one ^
two ^
three ^
four^
*
--- Output ---
Test1
one two three four*
echo Test2
echo one & echo two
--- Output ---
Test2
one
two
echo Test3
echo one & ^
echo two
--- Output ---
Test3
one
two
echo Test4
echo one ^
& echo two
--- Output ---
Test4
one & echo two
To suppress the escaping of the next character you can use a redirection.
要禁止转义下一个字符,可以使用重定向。
The redirection has to be just before the caret. But there exist one curiosity with redirection before the caret.
重定向必须在插入符号之前。但是在插入符号之前存在一个重定向的好奇心。
If you place a token at the caret the token is removed.
如果您在插入符号处放置令牌,则会删除该令牌。
echo Test5
echo one <nul ^
& echo two
--- Output ---
Test5
one
two
echo Test6
echo one <nul ThisTokenIsLost^
& echo two
--- Output ---
Test6
one
two
And it is also possible to embed line feeds into the string:
并且还可以将换行符嵌入到字符串中:
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set text=This creates ^
a line feed
echo Test7: %text%
echo Test8: !text!
--- Output ---
Test7: This creates
Test8: This creates
a line feed
The empty line is important for the success. This works only with delayed expansion, else the rest of the line is ignored after the line feed.
空行对于成功至关重要。这仅适用于延迟扩展,否则换行后将忽略该行的其余部分。
It works, because the caret at the line end ignores the next line feed and escapes the next character, even if the next character is also a line feed (carriage returns are always ignored in this phase).
它起作用,因为行末端的插入符号忽略下一个换行符并转义下一个字符,即使下一个字符也是换行符(在此阶段总是忽略回车符)。
#3
57
(This is basically a rewrite of Wayne's answer but with the confusion around the caret cleared up. So I've posted it as a CW. I'm not shy about editing answers, but completely rewriting them seems inappropriate.)
(这基本上是韦恩回答的重写,但是由于对插入符号的混淆得到了解决。所以我把它作为CW发布。我并不羞于编辑答案,但完全重写它们似乎不合适。)
You can break up long lines with the caret (^), just remember that the caret and the newline that follows it are removed entirely from the command, so if you put it where a space would be required (such as between parameters), be sure to include the space as well (either before the ^, or at the beginning of the next line — that latter choice may help make it clearer it's a continuation).
您可以使用插入符号(^)分隔长行,只需记住插入符号及其后面的换行符将完全从命令中删除,因此如果您将其放在需要空格的位置(例如参数之间),请一定要包括空格(在^之前,或在下一行的开头 - 后一个选择可能有助于使它更清晰,这是一个延续)。
Examples: (all tested on Windows XP and Windows 7)
示例:(所有在Windows XP和Windows 7上测试过)
xcopy file1.txt file2.txt
can be written as:
可以写成:
xcopy^
file1.txt^
file2.txt
or
xcopy ^
file1.txt ^
file2.txt
or even
xc^
opy ^
file1.txt ^
file2.txt
(That last works because there are no spaces betwen the xc and the ^, and no spaces at the beginning of the next line. So when you remove the ^ and the newline, you get...xcopy.)
(最后一步是因为xc和^之间没有空格,而下一行的开头没有空格。所以当你删除^和换行符时,你会得到... xcopy。)
For readability and sanity, it's probably best breaking only between parameters (be sure to include the space).
为了便于阅读和理智,最好只在参数之间进行分解(确保包含空格)。
Be sure that the ^ is not the last thing in a batch file, as there appears to be a major issue with that.
确保^不是批处理文件中的最后一件事,因为它似乎存在一个主要问题。
#4
13
Multiple commands can be put in parenthesis and spread over numerous lines; so something like echo hi && echo hello can be put like this:
多个命令可以放在括号中并分布在多个行中;所以像echo hi && echo hello之类的东西可以像这样:
( echo hi
echo hello )
Also variables can help:
变量也可以帮助:
set AFILEPATH="C:\SOME\LONG\PATH\TO\A\FILE"
if exist %AFILEPATH% (
start "" /b %AFILEPATH% -option C:\PATH\TO\SETTING...
) else (
...
Also I noticed with carets (^) that the if conditionals liked them to follow only if a space was present:
另外我注意到了carets(^)if条件只有在存在空格时才喜欢它们:
if exist ^
#5
8
It seems however that splitting in the middle of the values of a for loop doesn't need a caret(and actually trying to use one will be considered a syntax error). For example,
然而,似乎在for循环的值的中间分割不需要插入符号(实际上尝试使用一个将被视为语法错误)。例如,
for %n in (hello
bye) do echo %n
Note that no space is even needed after hello or before bye.
请注意,在hello之后或再见之前甚至不需要空格。
#1
739
You can break up long lines with the caret ^ as long as you remember that the caret and the newline following it are completely removed. So, if there should be a space where you're breaking the line, include a space. (More on that below.)
只要您记住插入符号及其后面的换行符被完全删除,您就可以使用插入符号^分隔长行。因此,如果应该有一个空间,你要打破线,包括一个空格。 (更多关于以下内容。)
Example:
copy file1.txt file2.txt
would be written as:
将写成:
copy file1.txt^
file2.txt
#2
226
The rule for the caret is:
插入符号的规则是:
A caret at the line end, appends the next line, the first character of the appended line will be escaped.
在行尾的插入符号附加下一行,附加行的第一个字符将被转义。
You can use the caret multiple times, but the complete line must not exceed the maximum line length of ~8192 characters (Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7).
您可以多次使用插入符号,但完整的行不得超过〜8192个字符的最大行长度(Windows XP,Windows Vista和Windows 7)。
echo Test1
echo one ^
two ^
three ^
four^
*
--- Output ---
Test1
one two three four*
echo Test2
echo one & echo two
--- Output ---
Test2
one
two
echo Test3
echo one & ^
echo two
--- Output ---
Test3
one
two
echo Test4
echo one ^
& echo two
--- Output ---
Test4
one & echo two
To suppress the escaping of the next character you can use a redirection.
要禁止转义下一个字符,可以使用重定向。
The redirection has to be just before the caret. But there exist one curiosity with redirection before the caret.
重定向必须在插入符号之前。但是在插入符号之前存在一个重定向的好奇心。
If you place a token at the caret the token is removed.
如果您在插入符号处放置令牌,则会删除该令牌。
echo Test5
echo one <nul ^
& echo two
--- Output ---
Test5
one
two
echo Test6
echo one <nul ThisTokenIsLost^
& echo two
--- Output ---
Test6
one
two
And it is also possible to embed line feeds into the string:
并且还可以将换行符嵌入到字符串中:
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set text=This creates ^
a line feed
echo Test7: %text%
echo Test8: !text!
--- Output ---
Test7: This creates
Test8: This creates
a line feed
The empty line is important for the success. This works only with delayed expansion, else the rest of the line is ignored after the line feed.
空行对于成功至关重要。这仅适用于延迟扩展,否则换行后将忽略该行的其余部分。
It works, because the caret at the line end ignores the next line feed and escapes the next character, even if the next character is also a line feed (carriage returns are always ignored in this phase).
它起作用,因为行末端的插入符号忽略下一个换行符并转义下一个字符,即使下一个字符也是换行符(在此阶段总是忽略回车符)。
#3
57
(This is basically a rewrite of Wayne's answer but with the confusion around the caret cleared up. So I've posted it as a CW. I'm not shy about editing answers, but completely rewriting them seems inappropriate.)
(这基本上是韦恩回答的重写,但是由于对插入符号的混淆得到了解决。所以我把它作为CW发布。我并不羞于编辑答案,但完全重写它们似乎不合适。)
You can break up long lines with the caret (^), just remember that the caret and the newline that follows it are removed entirely from the command, so if you put it where a space would be required (such as between parameters), be sure to include the space as well (either before the ^, or at the beginning of the next line — that latter choice may help make it clearer it's a continuation).
您可以使用插入符号(^)分隔长行,只需记住插入符号及其后面的换行符将完全从命令中删除,因此如果您将其放在需要空格的位置(例如参数之间),请一定要包括空格(在^之前,或在下一行的开头 - 后一个选择可能有助于使它更清晰,这是一个延续)。
Examples: (all tested on Windows XP and Windows 7)
示例:(所有在Windows XP和Windows 7上测试过)
xcopy file1.txt file2.txt
can be written as:
可以写成:
xcopy^
file1.txt^
file2.txt
or
xcopy ^
file1.txt ^
file2.txt
or even
xc^
opy ^
file1.txt ^
file2.txt
(That last works because there are no spaces betwen the xc and the ^, and no spaces at the beginning of the next line. So when you remove the ^ and the newline, you get...xcopy.)
(最后一步是因为xc和^之间没有空格,而下一行的开头没有空格。所以当你删除^和换行符时,你会得到... xcopy。)
For readability and sanity, it's probably best breaking only between parameters (be sure to include the space).
为了便于阅读和理智,最好只在参数之间进行分解(确保包含空格)。
Be sure that the ^ is not the last thing in a batch file, as there appears to be a major issue with that.
确保^不是批处理文件中的最后一件事,因为它似乎存在一个主要问题。
#4
13
Multiple commands can be put in parenthesis and spread over numerous lines; so something like echo hi && echo hello can be put like this:
多个命令可以放在括号中并分布在多个行中;所以像echo hi && echo hello之类的东西可以像这样:
( echo hi
echo hello )
Also variables can help:
变量也可以帮助:
set AFILEPATH="C:\SOME\LONG\PATH\TO\A\FILE"
if exist %AFILEPATH% (
start "" /b %AFILEPATH% -option C:\PATH\TO\SETTING...
) else (
...
Also I noticed with carets (^) that the if conditionals liked them to follow only if a space was present:
另外我注意到了carets(^)if条件只有在存在空格时才喜欢它们:
if exist ^
#5
8
It seems however that splitting in the middle of the values of a for loop doesn't need a caret(and actually trying to use one will be considered a syntax error). For example,
然而,似乎在for循环的值的中间分割不需要插入符号(实际上尝试使用一个将被视为语法错误)。例如,
for %n in (hello
bye) do echo %n
Note that no space is even needed after hello or before bye.
请注意,在hello之后或再见之前甚至不需要空格。