一、Python 字符串大小写转换
1、字符串大小写转换
In [1]: string = 'www.test.com'
In [2]: print('lower --> upper: %s' % string.upper())
lower --> upper: WWW.TEST.COM
In [3]: STRING = 'WWW.TEST.COM'
In [4]: print('upper --> lower: %s' % STRING.lower())
upper --> lower: www.test.com
2、文件字符串大小写转换
wangpeng@ubuntu:~/python/dir1/dir2$ cat mod.py#!/usr/bin/env pythonprint("in mode")z=3-----------------------------------In [1]: f = open('mod.py')In [2]: [line.upper() for line in f]Out[2]: ['#!/USR/BIN/ENV PYTHON\n', 'PRINT("IN MODE")\n', 'Z=3\n']In [3]: f = open('mod.py')In [4]: for line in f: ...: print(line.upper()) ...: #!/USR/BIN/ENV PYTHONPRINT("IN MODE")Z=3
二、shell大小写转换
wangpeng@ubuntu:~/python/dir1/dir2$ echo 'hello world'|tr a-z A-ZHELLO WORLDwangpeng@ubuntu:~/python/dir1/dir2$ echo 'HELLO WORLD'|tr A-Z a-zhello worldwangpeng@ubuntu:~/python/dir1/dir2$ echo 'HELLO WORLD'|tr [:upper:] [:lower:]hello world
TR(1) User Commands TR(1)NAME tr - translate or delete charactersSYNOPSIS tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]DESCRIPTION Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output. -c, -C, --complement use the complement of SET1 -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate -s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character -t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2 --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves. Interpreted sequences are: \NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits) \\ backslash \a audible BEL \b backspace \f form feed \n new line \r return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order [CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1 [CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0 [:alnum:] all letters and digits [:alpha:] all letters [:blank:] all horizontal whitespace [:cntrl:] all control characters [:digit:] all digits [:graph:] all printable characters, not including space [:lower:] all lower case letters [:print:] all printable characters, including space [:punct:] all punctuation characters [:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace [:upper:] all upper case letters [:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits [=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear. -t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after translation or deletion.AUTHOR Written by Jim Meyering.REPORTING BUGS Report tr bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/> Report tr translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>COPYRIGHT Copyright 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.SEE ALSO The full documentation for tr is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and tr programs are properly installed at your site, the command info coreutils 'tr invocation' should give you access to the complete manual.GNU coreutils 8.4 May 2016 TR(1)
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