用户自定义函数可以像系统函数一样在查询或存储过程中调用,可以接受参数、执行操作并将操作结果以值的形式返回。返回值可以是单个标量或结果集。
1. 标量函数
标量函数返回一个确定类型的标量值,对于多语句的标量函数,定义在BEGIN END块中的函数体包含一系列返回单个值的T-SQL语句。
创建标量函数语法结构:
CREATE FUNCTION [ schema_name. ] function_name
( [ { @parameter_name [ AS ][ type_schema_name. ] parameter_data_type
[ = default ] [ READONLY ] }
[ ,...n ]
]
)
RETURNS return_data_type
[ WITH <function_option> [ ,...n ] ]
[ AS ]
BEGIN
function_body
RETURN scalar_expression
END
[ ; ]
示例:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_GetProductNameByProductID]
(
@ProductID INT
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(50)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @ProductName VARCHAR(50)
SELECT @ProductName = [ProductName] FROM [dbo].[Product]
WHERE [ProductID] = @ProductID
RETURN @ProductName
END
SELECT [dbo].[FN_GetProductNameByProductID](1)
-- SELECT dbo.FN_GetProductNameByProductID(1)
2. 表值函数
表值函数是返回数据类型为table的函数,返回的表值是单个SELECT语句查询的结果。
创建表值函数语法结构:
CREATE FUNCTION [ schema_name. ] function_name
( [ { @parameter_name [ AS ] [ type_schema_name. ] parameter_data_type
[ = default ] [ READONLY ] }
[ ,...n ]
]
)
RETURNS TABLE
[ WITH <function_option> [ ,...n ] ]
[ AS ]
RETURN [ ( ] select_stmt [ ) ]
[ ; ]
示例:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_GetProductsByCategoryID]
(
@CategoryID INT
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
(
SELECT [ProductID],[ProductName],[UnitPrice],[UnitsInStock],[CreateDate]
FROM [dbo].[Product]
WHERE [CategoryID] = @CategoryID
)
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[FN_GetProductsByCategoryID](1)
3. 多语句表值函数
多语句表值函数可以看作标量型函数和表值函数的结合体。该函数的返回值是一个表,但它和标量值自定义函数用于,有一个用BEGIN END包含起来的函数体。返回值的表中数据是由函数体中的语句插入的。多语句表值函数可以进行多次查询,对数据进行多次筛选与合并,弥补了表值自定义函数的不足。
多语句表值函数语法结构:
CREATE FUNCTION [ schema_name. ] function_name
( [ { @parameter_name [ AS ] [ type_schema_name. ] parameter_data_type
[ = default ] [READONLY] }
[ ,...n ]
]
)
RETURNS @return_variable TABLE <table_type_definition>
[ WITH <function_option> [ ,...n ] ]
[ AS ]
BEGIN
function_body
RETURN
END
[ ; ]
示例:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[UFN_GetAllChildren]
(
@CategoryID INT
)
RETURNS @Result TABLE
(
[CategoryID] INT NOT NULL,
[CategoryName] VARCHAR(50) NULL,
[ParentID] int NULL,
[Level] int NULL
)
AS
BEGIN
WITH CTE AS
(
SELECT [CategoryID],[CategoryName],[ParentID],0 AS [Level]
FROM [dbo].[Category]
WHERE [CategoryID] = 2
UNION ALL
SELECT [dbo].[Category].[CategoryID],[dbo].[Category].[CategoryName],[dbo].[Category].[ParentID],[Level] + 1
FROM CTE INNER JOIN [dbo].[Category]
ON CTE.[CategoryID] = [dbo].[Category].[ParentID]
)
INSERT INTO @Result([CategoryID],[CategoryName],[ParentID],[Level])
SELECT [CategoryID],[CategoryName],[ParentID],[Level] FROM CTE
RETURN
END
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[UFN_GetAllChildren](2)
4. 删除函数
DROP FUNCTION { [ schema_name. ] function_name } [ ,...n ]
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_GetAllChildren]