puppet学习与精通之Package资源详细介绍及案例分析

一、系统环境

1、puppet服务端
Release：RHEL6.4
HOSTNAME: puppetserver.rsyslog.org
TCP/IP: 172.16.200.100/24
Packages：
puppet-server-2.7.21-1.el6.noarch
mcollective-client-2.2.4
activemq-5.5.0
2、puppet节点
Release: RHEL5.8
HOSTNAME: agent1.rsyslog.org
TCP/IP: 172.16.200.101/24
Packages:
puppet-2.7.21-1.el5
mcollective-2.2.4-1.el5
3、puppet节点
Release: RHEL6.4
HOSTNAME: agent3.rsyslog.org
TCP/IP: 172.16.200.103/24
Packages:
puppet-2.7.21-1.el6
mcollective-2.2.4-1.el6

二、资源介绍

1、实现功能
1.1 管理那些软件包被安装，那些软件包被卸载
1.2 管理软件包是否更新
1.3 要求系统配置yum源（RedHat系统）、zypper源（Suse系统）等等
1.4 有关不同操作系统支持类型请查阅http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/stable/type.html#package

Provider	holdable	install options	installable	purgeable	uninstall options	uninstallable	upgradeable	versionable
aix			X			X	X	X
appdmg			X
apple			X
apt	X		X	X		X	X	X
aptitude	X		X	X		X	X	X
aptrpm			X	X		X	X	X
blastwave			X			X	X
dpkg	X		X	X		X	X
fink	X		X	X		X	X	X
freebsd			X			X
gem			X			X	X	X
hpux			X			X
macports			X			X	X	X
msi		X	X		X	X
nim			X			X	X	X
openbsd			X			X		X
opkg			X			X	X
pacman			X			X	X
pip			X			X	X	X
pkg	X		X			X	X	X
pkgdmg			X
pkgin			X			X
pkgutil			X			X	X
portage			X			X	X	X
ports			X			X	X
portupgrade			X			X	X
rpm			X			X	X	X
rug			X			X	X	X
sun		X	X			X	X
sunfreeware			X			X	X
up2date			X			X	X
urpmi			X			X	X	X
windows		X	X		X	X
yum			X	X		X	X	X
zypper			X			X	X	X

2、支持参数
2.1 ensure => {present|installed|absent|latest|purged|"version"}, 指定文件的目标状态
=> present|installed, 检查文件是否存在，不存在则新建之
=> absent, 无其他软件依赖，可删除，否则会报错。
=> latest, 检查文件是否为最新版本，否则升级为最新版本
=> purged, 删除该包包括所有依赖的包,有风险慎用
=> "2.7.21-1", 指定某一个版本处于安装状态

2.2 name => package name, 包的名字，默认与title相同可不写

2.3 provider => rpm, 要求通过rpm命令安装包，需要通过source指定安装那些包

三、资源示例
1、示例一
1.1 实现功能
*判断系统为RedHat的情况下安装mysql-server和mysql,系统为SLES的情况下安装mysql和mysql-client，其他系统安装mysql-server和mysql包
*要求安装的包一直处于安装状态
1.2 配置说明

class mysql::install{
    package { "mysql":
               name => $operatingsystem ?
                       {
                       RedHat => ["mysql-server","mysql"],
                       SLES => ["mysql","mysql-client"],
                       default => ["mysql-server","mysql"],
               },
               ensure => installed,
    }

1.3 客户端agent1测试

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test
info: Retrieving plugin
info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply2.rb
info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply1.rb
info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply3.rb
info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/backup_date.rb
info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org
info: Applying configuration version '1378200479'
notice: /Stage[main]/Mysql::Install/Package[mysql]/ensure: created
notice: /Stage[main]/Mysql::Service/Service[mysqld]/ensure: ensure changed 'stopped' to 'running'
notice: Finished catalog run in 9.68 seconds

2、示例二
2.1 实现功能
*要求安装的autofs包版本为5.0.1-0.rc2.163.el5
2.2 配置说明

class autofs::install{
        package { "autofs":
                ensure => "5.0.1-0.rc2.163.el5",
        }
}

2.3 客户端agent2测试

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test
info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org
info: Applying configuration version '1378201631'
notice: /Stage[main]/Autofs::Install/Package[autofs]/ensure: created

3、示例三
3.1 实现功能
*要求安装的postfix包版本更新至最新版本
3.2 配置说明

class postfix::install{
        package { "postfix":
                ensure => latest,
        }
}

2.3 客户端agent2测试

[root@agent1 rhel5]# rpm -qa postfix
postfix-2.3.3-2.3.el5_6
[root@agent1 rhel5]# puppet agent --test
info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org
info: Applying configuration version '1378202947'
notice: /Stage[main]/Postfix::Install/Package[postfix]/ensure: ensure changed '2.3.3-2.3.el5_6' to '2:2.5.17-1.rhel5'
notice: Finished catalog run in 6.42 seconds
[root@agent1 rhel5]# rpm -qa postfix
postfix-2.5.17-1.rhel5
[root@agent1 rhel5]#

4、示例四
4.1 实现功能
*要求postfix包不允许被安装
4.2 配置说明

class postfix::install{
        package { "postfix":
                ensure => absent,
        }
}

4.3 客户端agent2测试

[root@agent1 rhel5]# rpm -qa postfix
postfix-2.5.17-1.rhel5
[root@agent1 rhel5]# puppet agent --test
info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org
info: Applying configuration version '1378203359'
notice: /Stage[main]/Postfix::Install/Package[postfix]/ensure: removed
notice: Finished catalog run in 1.00 seconds
[root@agent1 rhel5]# rpm -qa postfix

5、示例五
5.1 实现功能
*要求通过rpm命令安装本地rpm包/tmp/rhel5/postfix-2.5.17-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
5.2 配置说明

class postfix::install{
        package { "postfix":
                ensure => present,
                provider => rpm,
                source => "/tmp/rhel5/postfix-2.5.17-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm",
        }
}

5.3 客户端agent1测试

[root@agent1 rhel5]# rpm -qa postfix
[root@agent1 rhel5]# puppet agent --test --verbose
info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org
info: Applying configuration version '1378204203'
notice: /Stage[main]/Postfix::Install/Package[postfix]/ensure: created
notice: Finished catalog run in 3.43 seconds
[root@agent1 rhel5]# rpm -qa postfix
postfix-2.5.17-1.rhel5