本章将教你如何使用Struts2 的应用程序发送电子邮件。对于此练习中,需要下载并安装将mail.jar 从 JavaMail API1.4.4,并将 mail.jar文件放置在WEB-INFlib文件夹,然后继续遵循的标准步骤创建动作,视图和配置文件。
创建动作:
下一步是创建一个Action方法,发送电子邮件。让我们创建一个新类称为 Emailer.java 以下内容。
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package com.yiibai.struts2;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Emailer extends ActionSupport {
private String from;
private String password;
private String to;
private String subject;
private String body;
static Properties properties = new Properties();
static
{
properties.put( "mail.smtp.host" , "smtp.gmail.com" );
properties.put( "mail.smtp.socketFactory.port" , "465" );
properties.put( "mail.smtp.socketFactory.class" ,
"javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory" );
properties.put( "mail.smtp.auth" , "true" );
properties.put( "mail.smtp.port" , "465" );
}
public String execute()
{
String ret = SUCCESS;
try
{
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties,
new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication
getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new
PasswordAuthentication(from, password);
}});
Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setFrom( new InternetAddress(from));
message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,
InternetAddress.parse(to));
message.setSubject(subject);
message.setText(body);
Transport.send(message);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
ret = ERROR;
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ret;
}
public String getFrom() {
return from;
}
public void setFrom(String from) {
this .from = from;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this .password = password;
}
public String getTo() {
return to;
}
public void setTo(String to) {
this .to = to;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this .subject = subject;
}
public String getBody() {
return body;
}
public void setBody(String body) {
this .body = body;
}
public static Properties getProperties() {
return properties;
}
public static void setProperties(Properties properties) {
Emailer.properties = properties;
}
}
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可以看到在上面的源代码中,Emailer.java有对应的形式在下面给出的email.jsp页的属性的属性。这些属性
- from - 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们使用的是谷歌的SMTP,我们需要一个有效的gtalk ID
- password - 上述帐户的密码
- to - 给谁发送电子邮件?
- Subject - 电子邮件主题
- body - 实际的电子邮件消息
我们有没有考虑过上述各个属性的任何验证,验证将被添加在下一章。现在让我们看看在execute()方法。 execute()方法使用使用javax邮件库发送一封电子邮件,使用提供的参数。如果邮件被发送,动作返回 SUCCESS,否则它返回ERROR。
创建主页页:
让我们编写主页index.jsp的JSP文件,这将被用来收集电子邮件的相关信息,上面提到的:
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %>
<%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server.
So you need to enter a gmail username and password
</em>
<form action= "emailer" method= "post" >
<label for = "from" >From</label><br/>
<input type= "text" name= "from" /><br/>
<label for = "password" >Password</label><br/>
<input type= "password" name= "password" /><br/>
<label for = "to" >To</label><br/>
<input type= "text" name= "to" /><br/>
<label for = "subject" >Subject</label><br/>
<input type= "text" name= "subject" /><br/>
<label for = "body" >Body</label><br/>
<input type= "text" name= "body" /><br/>
<input type= "submit" value= "Send Email" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
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创建视图:
我们将使用JSP文件的success.jsp将被调用的情况下行动返回SUCCESS,但在发生ERROR 的情况下,我们将有另一种视图认为文件是从操作返回。
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %>
<%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Success</title>
</head>
<body>
Your email to <s:property value= "to" /> was sent successfully.
</body>
</html>
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下面将是在一个错误的情况下,从动作返回视图文件error.jsp。
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %>
<%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Error</title>
</head>
<body>
There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value= "to" />.
</body>
</html>
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配置文件:
现在,让我们将这一切组合起来使用struts.xml的配置文件如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
< struts >
< constant name = "struts.devMode" value = "true" />
< package name = "helloworld" extends = "struts-default" >
< action name = "emailer"
class = "com.yiibai.struts2.Emailer"
method = "execute" >
< result name = "success" >/success.jsp</ result >
< result name = "error" >/error.jsp</ result >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
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以下是web.xml文件中的内容:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.0" >
< display-name >Struts 2</ display-name >
< welcome-file-list >
< welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file >
</ welcome-file-list >
< filter >
< filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</ filter-class >
</ filter >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
< url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >
</ web-app >
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现在,右键点击项目名称,并单击 Export > WAR File创建一个WAR文件。然后部署此WAR在Tomcat的webapps目录下。最后,启动Tomcat服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面:
输入所需信息,并单击“Send Email ”按钮。如果一切顺利,那么应该看到以下页面:
如果是SSH三个框架配合起来使用,这里再给个例子,不过struts和spring的框架外,也需要mail.jar,activation.jar.
1) 首先在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean
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< bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl" >
< property name = "host" value = "host" />
< property name = "username" value = "username" />
< property name = "password" value = "password" />
</ bean >
< bean id = "sendMailAction" class = "cn.com.action.SendMailAction" singleton = "false" >
< property name = "mailSender" >< ref bean = "mailSender" /> </ property >
</ bean >
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2)实现发送邮件java类代码
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protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {
this .mailSender = mailSender;
}
public void sendMail() throws Exception {
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1:简单邮件
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protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {
this .mailSender = mailSender;
}
public void sendMail() throws Exception {
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2:HTML邮件的发送
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//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别
MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage);
//设置收件人,寄件人
messageHelper.setTo( "sun111@163.com" );
messageHelper.setFrom( "webadmin@163.com" );
messageHelper.setSubject( "测试HTML邮件!" );
//true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件
messageHelper.setText( "<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1></body></html>" , true );
//发送邮件
senderImpl.send(mailMessage);
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3:本类测试邮件中嵌套图片
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//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别
MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage();
//注意这里的boolean,等于真的时候才能嵌套图片,在构建MimeMessageHelper时候,所给定的值是true表示启用,
multipart模式
MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage, true );
//设置收件人,寄件人
messageHelper.setTo( "sun111@163.com" );
messageHelper.setFrom( "webadmin@163.com" );
messageHelper.setSubject( "测试邮件中嵌套图片!!" );
//true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件
messageHelper.setText( "<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1>" +
"<img src=" / " mce_src=" / "" cid:aaa/ "/></body></html>" , true );
FileSystemResource img = new FileSystemResource( new File( "c:/aaa.jpg" ));
messageHelper.addInline( "aaa" ,img);
//发送邮件
senderImpl.send(mailMessage);
}
}
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