Linux下VirtualBox虚拟机的命令行启动/关闭方法和开机自动启动

VirtualBox 的命令行启动/关闭方法简介 VirtualBox 详细命令 linux开机自动启动虚拟机系统

当你安装很多套Virtualbox的虚拟机器系统后，希望能在开机后自动启动虚拟机器的系统。

开启记事本，将虚线内文字另存为"Virtualbox.bat"，将档案存放到[开始]->[程式集]->[启动]内，即可在开机时同时跑3个Virtualbox虚拟机器的系统了。

这种启动方式，让你不须要点选Virtualbox主程式，再开启你要执行的虚拟机器的OS。它会自动启动在背景执行，如果你有设定OS可以远端遥控的话，你可以在别台电脑以远端连线来控制虚拟机器的OS。

我们可以使用VBxManager 命令行管理工具来查看当前的虚拟基设置和状态

下面通过实例来说明如何从命令行启动和关闭VirtualBox 虚拟机的两种常用方式。

第一种：使用 VRDP 方式通过命令行启动虚拟机： (虚拟机名为：dcsvr08)
QHo@qhoferrari1k:~$ VBoxManage startvm dcsvr08 -type vrdp

第二种：使用 Headless 启动无前端图形界面方式：
QHo@qhoferrari1k:~$ VBoxHeadless -startvm "dcsvr08"

VirtualBox Headless Interface 2.1.4
(C) 2008-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
All rights reserved.

3389是VRDP（远程桌面）监听端口。
启用VRDP后，一旦虚拟机启动完毕，我们就可以通过远程桌面/XManage等GUI远程管理工具来登录客户操作系统。

要确认虚拟机是否在运行，可以使用命令VBoxManage list runningvm 来查看。
QHo@qhoferrari1k:~$ VBoxManage list runningvms

从命令行关闭虚拟机
通过VBoxManage 命令行工具的VBoxManage controlvm <uuid>|<name> 子命令可以改变虚拟机的运行状态，
其中常用的几个选项是：

pause resume reset poweroff savestate acpipowerbutton acpisleepbutton
下面示例使用 poweroff 选项关闭虚拟机 dcsvr08

QHo@qhoferrari1k:~$ VBoxManage controlvm dcsvr08 poweroff
VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 2.1.4
(C) 2005-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
All rights reserved.

QHo@qhoferrari1k:~$ VBoxManage list runningvms
VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 2.1.4
(C) 2005-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
All rights reserved.

3ce3fd01-7e17-46b3-8394-be9c1b17ee66
QHo@qhoferrari1k:~$
在poweroff 后马上list runningvms ，可以看到dscvr08已经被关闭，现在只有一台虚机处于运行状态。

[root@server ~]# VBoxManage

Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 4.1.2

Usage:

VBoxManage [-v|--version] print version number and exit

VBoxManage [-q|--nologo] ... suppress the logo

bridgedifs|hostonlyifs|dhcpservers|hostinfo|

usbhost|usbfilters|systemproperties|extpacks

VBoxManage showvminfo <uuid>|<name> [--details]

[--machinereadable]

VBoxManage showvminfo <uuid>|<name> --log <idx>

VBoxManage registervm <filename>

VBoxManage unregistervm <uuid>|<name> [--delete]

VBoxManage createvm --name <name>

[--ostype <ostype>]

[--register]

[--basefolder <path>]

[--uuid <uuid>]

VBoxManage modifyvm <uuid|name>

[--name <name>]

[--ostype <ostype>]

[--memory <memorysize in MB>]

[--pagefusion on|off]

[--vram <vramsize in MB>]

[--acpi on|off]

[--pciattach 03:04.0]

[--pciattach 03:04.0@02:01.0]

[--pcidetach 03:04.0]

[--ioapic on|off]

[--pae on|off]

[--hpet on|off]

[--hwvirtex on|off]

[--hwvirtexexcl on|off]

[--nestedpaging on|off]

[--largepages on|off]

[--vtxvpid on|off]

[--synthcpu on|off]

[--cpuidset <leaf> <eax> <ebx> <ecx> <edx>]

[--cpuidremove <leaf>]

[--cpuidremoveall]

[--hardwareuuid <uuid>]

[--cpus <number>]

[--cpuhotplug on|off]

[--plugcpu <id>]

[--unplugcpu <id>]

[--cpuexecutioncap <1-100>]

[--rtcuseutc on|off]

[--monitorcount <number>]

[--accelerate3d on|off]

[--accelerate2dvideo on|off]

[--firmware bios|efi|efi32|efi64]

[--chipset ich9|piix3]

[--bioslogofadein on|off]

[--bioslogofadeout on|off]

[--bioslogodisplaytime <msec>]

[--bioslogoimagepath <imagepath>]

[--biosbootmenu disabled|menuonly|messageandmenu]

[--biossystemtimeoffset <msec>]

[--biospxedebug on|off]

[--boot<1-4> none|floppy|dvd|disk|net>]

generic]

[--nictype<1-N> Am79C970A|Am79C973|

82540EM|82543GC|82545EM|

virtio]

[--cableconnected<1-N> on|off]

[--nictrace<1-N> on|off]

[--nictracefile<1-N> <filename>]

[--nicproperty<1-N> name=[value]]

[--nicspeed<1-N> <kbps>]

[--nicbootprio<1-N> <priority>]

[--nicpromisc<1-N> deny|allow-vms|allow-all]

[--nicbandwidthgroup<1-N> none|<name>]

[--bridgeadapter<1-N> none|<devicename>]

[--hostonlyadapter<1-N> none|<devicename>]

[--intnet<1-N> <network name>]

[--natnet<1-N> <network>|default]

[--nicgenericdrv<1-N> <driver>

[--natsettings<1-N> [<mtu>],[<socksnd>],

[<sockrcv>],[<tcpsnd>],

[<tcprcv>]]

[--natpf<1-N> [<rulename>],tcp|udp,[<hostip>],

<hostport>,[<guestip>],<guestport>]

[--natpf<1-N> delete <rulename>]

[--nattftpprefix<1-N> <prefix>]

[--nattftpfile<1-N> <file>]

[--nattftpserver<1-N> <ip>]

[--natbindip<1-N> <ip>

[--natdnspassdomain<1-N> on|off]

[--natdnsproxy<1-N> on|off]

[--natdnshostresolver<1-N> on|off]

[--nataliasmode<1-N> default|[log],[proxyonly],

[sameports]]

[--macaddress<1-N> auto|<mac>]

[--mouse ps2|usb|usbtablet

[--keyboard ps2|usb

[--uart<1-N> off|<I/O base> <IRQ>]

[--uartmode<1-N> disconnected|

server <pipe>|

client <pipe>|

file <file>|

<devicename>]

[--guestmemoryballoon <balloonsize in MB>]

[--gueststatisticsinterval <seconds>]

[--audio none|null|oss|alsa|pulse]

[--audiocontroller ac97|hda|sb16]

[--clipboard disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost|

bidirectional]

[--vrde on|off]

[--vrdeextpack default|<name>

[--vrdeproperty <name=[value]>]

[--vrdeport <hostport>]

[--vrdeaddress <hostip>]

[--vrdeauthtype null|external|guest]

[--vrdeauthlibrary default|<name>

[--vrdemulticon on|off]

[--vrdereusecon on|off]

[--vrdevideochannel on|off]

[--vrdevideochannelquality <percent>]

[--usb on|off]

[--usbehci on|off]

[--snapshotfolder default|<path>]

[--teleporter on|off]

[--teleporterport <port>]

[--teleporteraddress <address|empty>

[--teleporterpassword <password>]

VBoxManage clonevm <uuid>|<name>

[--snapshot <uuid>|<name>]

[--mode machine|machineandchildren|all]

[--options link|keepallmacs|keepnatmacs|

keepdisknames]

[--name <name>]

[--basefolder <basefolder>]

[--uuid <uuid>]

[--register]

VBoxManage import <ovf/ova>

[--dry-run|-n]

[--options keepallmacs|keepnatmacs]

[more options]

(run with -n to have options displayed

for a particular OVF)

VBoxManage export <machines> --output|-o <ovf/ova>

[--legacy09]

[--manifest]

[--vsys <number of virtual system>]

[--product <product name>]

[--producturl <product url>]

[--vendor <vendor name>]

[--vendorurl <vendor url>]

[--version <version info>]

[--eula <license text>]

[--eulafile <filename>]

VBoxManage startvm <uuid>|<name>...

[--type gui|sdl|headless]

VBoxManage controlvm <uuid>|<name>

acpipowerbutton|acpisleepbutton|

keyboardputscancode <hex> [<hex> ...]|

setlinkstate<1-N> on|off |

[<devicename>] |

nictrace<1-N> on|off

nictracefile<1-N> <filename>

nicproperty<1-N> name=[value]

natpf<1-N> [<rulename>],tcp|udp,[<hostip>],

natpf<1-N> delete <rulename>

guestmemoryballoon <balloonsize in MB>]

gueststatisticsinterval <seconds>]

usbattach <uuid>|<address> |

usbdetach <uuid>|<address> |

vrde on|off |

vrdeport <port> |

vrdeproperty <name=[value]> |

vrdevideochannelquality <percent>

setvideomodehint <xres> <yres> <bpp> [display] |

screenshotpng <file> [display] |

setcredentials <username> <password> <domain>

[--allowlocallogon <yes|no>] |

teleport --host <name> --port <port>

[--maxdowntime <msec>] [--password password]

plugcpu <id>

unplugcpu <id>

cpuexecutioncap <1-100>

VBoxManage discardstate <uuid>|<name>

VBoxManage adoptstate <uuid>|<name> <state_file>

VBoxManage snapshot <uuid>|<name>

take <name> [--description <desc>] [--pause] |

delete <uuid>|<name> |

restore <uuid>|<name> |

restorecurrent |

edit <uuid>|<name>|--current

[--name <name>]

[--description <desc>] |

showvminfo <uuid>|<name>

VBoxManage closemedium disk|dvd|floppy <uuid>|<filename>

[--delete]

VBoxManage storageattach <uuid|vmname>

--storagectl <name>

[--port <number>]

[--device <number>]

[--type dvddrive|hdd|fdd]

[--medium none|emptydrive|

<uuid>|<filename>|host:<drive>|iscsi]

[--mtype normal|writethrough|immutable|shareable|

readonly|multiattach]

[--comment <text>]

[--setuuid <uuid>]

[--setparentuuid <uuid>]

[--passthrough on|off]

[--tempeject on|off]

[--nonrotational on|off]

[--bandwidthgroup <name>]

[--forceunmount]

[--server <name>|<ip>]

[--target <target>]

[--tport <port>]

[--lun <lun>]

[--encodedlun <lun>]

[--username <username>]

[--password <password>]

[--intnet]

VBoxManage storagectl <uuid|vmname>

--name <name>

[--add ide|sata|scsi|floppy|sas]

[--controller LSILogic|LSILogicSAS|BusLogic|

IntelAHCI|PIIX3|PIIX4|ICH6|I82078]

[--sataideemulation<1-4> <1-30>]

[--sataportcount <1-30>]

[--hostiocache on|off]

[--bootable on|off]

[--remove]

VBoxManage bandwidthctl <uuid|vmname>

--name <name>

[--add disk|network]

[--limit <megabytes per second>

[--delete]

VBoxManage showhdinfo <uuid>|<filename>

VBoxManage createhd --filename <filename>

--size <megabytes>|--sizebyte <bytes>

[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] (default: VDI)

[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]

VBoxManage modifyhd <uuid>|<filename>

[--type normal|writethrough|immutable|shareable|

readonly|multiattach]

[--autoreset on|off]

[--compact]

[--resize <megabytes>|--resizebyte <bytes>]

VBoxManage clonehd <uuid>|<filename> <uuid>|<outputfile>

[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|<other>]

[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]

[--existing]

VBoxManage convertfromraw <filename> <outputfile>

[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD]

[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]

VBoxManage convertfromraw stdin <outputfile> <bytes>

[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD]

[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]

VBoxManage getextradata global|<uuid>|<name>

<key>|enumerate

VBoxManage setextradata global|<uuid>|<name>

<key>

[<value>] (no value deletes key)

VBoxManage setproperty machinefolder default|<folder> |

vrdeauthlibrary default|<library> |

websrvauthlibrary default|null|<library> |

vrdeextpack null|<library> |

loghistorycount <value>

VBoxManage usbfilter add <index,0-N>

--target <uuid>|<name>|global

--name <string>

--action ignore|hold (global filters only)

[--active yes|no] (yes)

[--vendorid <XXXX>] (null)

[--productid <XXXX>] (null)

[--revision <IIFF>] (null)

[--manufacturer <string>] (null)

[--product <string>] (null)

[--remote yes|no] (null, VM filters only)

[--serialnumber <string>] (null)

[--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX>]

VBoxManage usbfilter modify <index,0-N>

--target <uuid>|<name>|global

[--name <string>]

[--action ignore|hold] (global filters only)

[--active yes|no]

[--vendorid <XXXX>|""]

[--productid <XXXX>|""]

[--revision <IIFF>|""]

[--manufacturer <string>|""]

[--product <string>|""]

[--remote yes|no] (null, VM filters only)

[--serialnumber <string>|""]

[--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX>]

VBoxManage usbfilter remove <index,0-N>

--target <uuid>|<name>|global

VBoxManage sharedfolder add <vmname>|<uuid>

--name <name> --hostpath <hostpath>

[--transient] [--readonly] [--automount]

VBoxManage sharedfolder remove <vmname>|<uuid>

--name <name> [--transient]

VBoxManage guestproperty get <vmname>|<uuid>

<property> [--verbose]

VBoxManage guestproperty set <vmname>|<uuid>

<property> [<value> [--flags <flags>]]

VBoxManage guestproperty enumerate <vmname>|<uuid>

[--patterns <patterns>]

VBoxManage guestproperty wait <vmname>|<uuid> <patterns>

[--timeout <msec>] [--fail-on-timeout]

VBoxManage guestcontrol <vmname>|<uuid>

exec[ute]

--image <path to program>

--username <name> --password <password>

[--dos2unix]

[--environment "<NAME>=<VALUE> [<NAME>=<VALUE>]"]

[--timeout <msec>] [--unix2dos] [--verbose]

[--wait-exit] [--wait-stdout] [--wait-stderr]

[-- [<argument1>] ... [<argumentN>]]

copyfrom

--username <name> --password <password>

[--dryrun] [--follow] [--recursive] [--verbose]

copyto|cp

--username <name> --password <password>

[--dryrun] [--follow] [--recursive] [--verbose]

createdir[ectory]|mkdir|md

<director[y|ies] to create on guest>

--username <name> --password <password>

[--parents] [--mode <mode>] [--verbose]

stat

--username <name> --password <password>

[--verbose]

updateadditions

[--source <guest additions .ISO>] [--verbose]

VBoxManage debugvm <uuid>|<name>

dumpguestcore --filename <name> |

info <item> [args] |

injectnmi |

osdetect |

osinfo |

getregisters [--cpu <id>] <reg>|all ... |

setregisters [--cpu <id>] <reg>=<value> ... |

statistics [--reset] [--pattern <pattern>]

[--descriptions]

VBoxManage metrics list [*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]

(comma-separated)

VBoxManage metrics setup

[--period <seconds>] (default: 1)

[--samples <count>] (default: 1)

[--list]

[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]

VBoxManage metrics query [*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]

VBoxManage metrics enable

[--list]

[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]

VBoxManage metrics disable

[--list]

[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]

VBoxManage metrics collect

[--period <seconds>] (default: 1)

[--samples <count>] (default: 1)

[--list]

[--detach]

[*|host|<vmname> [<metric_list>]]

VBoxManage hostonlyif ipconfig <name>

[--dhcp |

--ip<ipv4> [--netmask<ipv4> (def: 255.255.255.0)] |

--ipv6<ipv6> [--netmasklengthv6<length> (def: 64)]]

create |

remove <name>

VBoxManage dhcpserver add|modify --netname <network_name> |

--ifname <hostonly_if_name>

[--ip <ip_address>

--netmask <network_mask>

--lowerip <lower_ip>

--upperip <upper_ip>]

[--enable | --disable]

VBoxManage dhcpserver remove --netname <network_name> |

--ifname <hostonly_if_name>

VBoxManage extpack install [--replace] <tarball> |

uninstall [--force] <name> |

cleanup

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Linux下VirtualBox虚拟机的命令行启动/关闭方法和开机自动启动

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