Android本地数据存储之SQLite关系型数据库 ——SQLiteDatabase

时间:2022-10-18 22:58:29

数据库的创建,获取,执行sql语句:

框架搭建:dao


思考:

1.数据库保存在哪里?

2.如何创建数据库?如何创建表?

3.如何更新数据库?如何更改表的列数据?

4.如何获取数据库?

5.如何修改数据库中的表的数据?


框架思想

思考:如何使得编程更加简单?

一个sql语言,容易写错;

1.使用占位符;

2.框架解析重建法:搭建框架,对增删改查功能进行单独封装,传入容器对象即可;



思考:

1.数据库保存在哪里?

data/data/包名/databases/xiaoo.db

2.如何创建数据库?如何创建表?

db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE person (personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20))");

3.如何更新数据库?如何更改表的列数据?

db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE person ADD phone VARCHAR(12) NULL ");

4.如何获取数据库?

5.如何修改数据库中的表的数据?



一、创建数据库打开助手:

二、创建dao

三、测试dao

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

public class MyDBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

/**
*
* @param context 应用程序上下文
* @param name 数据库的名字
* @param factory 查询数据库的游标工厂 一般情况下 用sdk默认的
* @param version 数据库的版本 版本号必须不小1
*
*/
public MyDBOpenHelper(Context context) {
super(context, "xiaoo.db", null, 6);
}

// 在mydbOpenHelper 在数据库第一次被创建的时候 会执行onCreate();
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
System.out.println("我被调用了 oncreate");
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE person (personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20))");
}
 // 通过version的增加来执行数据库版本更新,版本号改为6的同时,调用onUpgrade ,让程序员执行具体更新;
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
System.out.println("on update ");
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE person ADD phone VARCHAR(12) NULL ");
}
}

二、创建dao

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.util.Log;
import cn.itcast.db.MyDBOpenHelper;
import cn.itcast.db.domain.Person;

public class PersonDao {
private static final String TAG = "PersonDao";
private MyDBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;

// 在personDao被new出来的时候 就完成初始化

public PersonDao(Context context) {
dbOpenHelper = new MyDBOpenHelper(context);
// dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase()
// dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase()
}

// 增删改查

/**
* 往数据库添加一条数据
*/
public void add(String name, String phone) {
boolean result = find(name);
if (result)
return;

SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
db.execSQL("insert into person (name,phone) values (?,?)",
new Object[] { name, phone });
// 关闭数据库 释放数据库的链接
db.close();
}
}

/**
* 查找数据库的操作
*/
public boolean find(String name) {
boolean result = false;
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person where name=?",
new String[] { name });
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int index = cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"); // 得到phone在表中是第几列
String phone = cursor.getString(index);
Log.i(TAG, "phone =" + phone);
result = true;

}
// 记得关闭掉 cursor
cursor.close();
result = false;
// 释放数据库的链接
db.close();
}
return result;
}

/**
* 删除一条记录
*
* @param name
*/
public void delete(String name) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
db.execSQL("delete from person where name =?",
new Object[] { name });
db.close();
}
}

/**
* 更新一条记录
*
*/
public void update(String name, String newname, String newphone) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
db.execSQL("update person set name=? , phone=? where name=?",
new Object[] { newname, newphone, name });
db.close();
}
}

/**
* 查找全部
*/
public List<Person> getAllPersons() {
List<Person> persons=null;
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person ", null);
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
Person person = new Person();
int nameindex = cursor.getColumnIndex("name");
int phoneindex = cursor.getColumnIndex("phone");
String name = cursor.getString(nameindex);
String phone = cursor.getString(phoneindex);
person.setName(name);
person.setNumber(phone);
persons.add(person);
}
cursor.close();
db.close();
}
return persons;
}

}


三、单元测试:测试dao

1.配置

instrumentation 和 uses-library

    <instrumentation
android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" //使用测试框架中的哪个测试运行器
android:targetPackage="cn.xiaoo.db" /> //测试哪个工程?

<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" /> //该程序需要添加哪个jar包(用于测试)?


2.编程测试

package cn.itcast.db.dao.test;

import java.util.List;

import cn.itcast.db.dao.PersonDao;
import cn.itcast.db.domain.Person;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;

public class TestPersonDao extends AndroidTestCase {
PersonDao dao;
// 测试在执行测试代码时候的流程
//1 .new TestPersonDao 框架new出来
//2. 调用 setUp()
//3. testAdd() 这个时候 上下文 才被创建出来


/*@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
super.setUp();
}*/
public void testAdd() throws Exception{
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
dao.add("lisi"+i, "123456789"+i);
}
}
public void testdelete() throws Exception{
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
dao.delete("lisi99");
}
public void testupdate() throws Exception{
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
dao.update("lisi98", "wangwu", "120");
}

public void testFindAll() throws Exception{
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
List<Person> persons = dao.getAllPersons();
assertEquals("testFindAll获取集合的大小",98, persons.size());
}

/**
* 测试的流程:
*/
/*
[2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] ------------------------------
[2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] Android Launch! //系统启动
[2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] adb is running normally. //调试桥正常运行
[2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] Performing android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner JUnit launch //运行测试运行器,启动JUnit
[2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] Automatic Target Mode: using existing emulator 'emulator-5554' running compatible AVD '2.3.3_QVGA'
[2012-10-05 13:47:53 - db] Application already deployed. No need to reinstall.//不需要重新安装
[2012-10-05 13:47:53 - db] Launching instrumentation android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner on device emulator-5554//在设备上运行测试运行器
[2012-10-05 13:47:53 - db] Collecting test information //收集运行信息
[2012-10-05 13:47:56 - db] Sending test information to Eclipse //发送测试信息到Eclipse
[2012-10-05 13:47:56 - db] Running tests... //执行代码
[2012-10-05 13:47:58 - db] Test run finished //执行完毕
*/
}


框架思想

思考:如何使得编程更加简单?

一条sql语句,容易写错;

操作表
insert into person (name,phone) values (?,?)---------public long insert(String table, String nullColumnHack, ContentValues values)
delete from person where name =?---------------------public int delete(String table, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs)
update person set name=? , phone=? where name=?------public int update(String table, ContentValues values, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs)
select * from person where name=?--------------------public Cursor query(boolean distinct, String table, String[] columns,
            String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String groupBy,
            String having, String orderBy, String limit)
insert:在哪张表插入哪些数据?string string contentvalues
delete:在哪张表删除哪些数据?String String String[]
update:在哪张表的那条数据上更改什么数据? String ContentValues String String[]
query:是否保证唯一?查哪张表?查哪些列?
什么查询条件?占位符值?分组?
包含?排序?区间?
操作数据库:
CREATE TABLE person (personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20))
ALTER TABLE person ADD phone VARCHAR(12) NULL

怎办办?

1.使用占位符;

2.框架解析重建法:搭建框架,对增删改查功能进行单独封装,传入容器对象即可;

1.原生:  db.execSQL("insert into person (name,age) values ("xiaoli",20)");

2.站位符:db.execSQL("insert into person (name,age) values (?,?)",new Object[]{"xiaoli",20});

3.框架 :

ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", name);
values.put("age", age);
db.insert("person", null, values);

public void add(String name, int age) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {

ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", name);
values.put("age", age);
// 如果 contentvalues为空
db.insert("person", null, values); // 组拼sql语句完成的添加的操作

// insert into person name values (NULL) ;
db.close();
}
}

最复杂的方法是查询:query

我们一起来看看底层是怎么封装的:

    public static String buildQueryString(
boolean distinct, String tables, String[] columns, String where,
String groupBy, String having, String orderBy, String limit) {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(groupBy) && !TextUtils.isEmpty(having)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"HAVING clauses are only permitted when using a groupBy clause");
}
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(limit) && !sLimitPattern.matcher(limit).matches()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid LIMIT clauses:" + limit);
}

StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(120);

query.append("SELECT ");
if (distinct) {
query.append("DISTINCT ");
}
if (columns != null && columns.length != 0) {
appendColumns(query, columns);
} else {
query.append("* ");
}
query.append("FROM ");
query.append(tables);
appendClause(query, " WHERE ", where);
appendClause(query, " GROUP BY ", groupBy);
appendClause(query, " HAVING ", having);
appendClause(query, " ORDER BY ", orderBy);
appendClause(query, " LIMIT ", limit);

return query.toString();
}


另一种增删改查:dao


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import cn.itcast.db.MyDBOpenHelper;
import cn.itcast.db.domain.Person;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

public class PersonDBDao {
private Context context;
MyDBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;

public PersonDBDao(Context context) {
this.context = context;
dbOpenHelper = new MyDBOpenHelper(context);
}

/**
* 添加一条记录
*/
public void add(String name, int age) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
// db.execSQL("insert into person (name,age) values (?,?)",new
// Object[]{name,age});
// db.execSQL("insert into person ",null) // 不合法的sql语句
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", name);
values.put("age", age);
// 如果 contentvalues为空
db.insert("person", null, values); // 组拼sql语句完成的添加的操作

// insert into person name values (NULL) ;
db.close();
}

}

/**
* 删除一条记录
*/
public void delete(String name) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
db.delete("person", "name=?", new String[] { name });
db.close();
}
}

/**
* 数据库的更改操作
*/
public void update(String name, String newname, int newage) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", newname);
values.put("age", newage);
db.update("person", values, "name=?", new String[] { name });
db.close();
}
}

/**
* 数据库的查询操作
*/
public boolean find(String name) {
boolean result = false;
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
// select * from person
Cursor cursor = db.query("person", null, "name=?",
new String[] { name }, null, null, null);
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
result = true;
}
cursor.close();
db.close();
}
return result;

}

/**
* 查询所有信息
*/
public List<Person> findAll() {
List<Person> persons = null;
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
Cursor cursor = db.query("person", null, null, null, null, null,
null);
persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
Person person = new Person();
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
person.setName(name);
int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));
person.setAge(age);
persons.add(person);
}
cursor.close();
db.close();
}
return persons;
}
/**
* 查询所有信息
*/
public Cursor findAllbyCursor() {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {
/*Cursor cursor = db.query("person", null, null, null, null, null,
null);*/
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select personid as _id,age,name from person", null);

return cursor;
// 注意了 一定不要把数据库 关闭了
}
return null;

}

     /**
     * 银行转账的方法
     * 1.开始事务:db.beginTransaction();
     * 2.设置事务成功:db.setTransactionSuccessful();
     * 3.结束事务:db.endTransaction();
     * 4.关闭连接:db.close();
     */
public void transaction() {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db.isOpen()) {

try {
// 开启数据库的事务
db.beginTransaction();
// 给张三设置1000块钱的账户
db.execSQL("update person set account=? where name=?",
new Object[] { 1000, "zhangsan98" });
// 把张三的账户扣除200块钱
db.execSQL("update person set account=account-? where name=?",
new Object[] { 200, "zhangsan98" });
// 出现了异常
// 把张三的钱给李四
//初始化李四账户 为 0
db.execSQL("update person set account=? where name=?",
new Object[] { 0, "lisi" });
db.execSQL("update person set account=account+? where name=?",
new Object[] { 200, "lisi" });
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
}
// 显示的设置事务是否成功
catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
db.close();
}
}
}
}