GlusterFS集群创建
一、简介
GlusterFS概述
- Glusterfs是一个开源的分布式文件系统,是Scale存储的核心,能够处理千数量级的客户端.在传统的解决 方案中Glusterfs能够灵活的结合物理的,虚拟的和云资源去体现高可用和企业级的性能存储.
- Glusterfs通过TCP/IP或InfiniBand RDMA网络链接将客户端的存储资块源聚集在一起,使用单一的全局命名空间来管理数据,磁盘和内存资源.
- Glusterfs基于堆叠的用户空间设计,可以为不同的工作负载提供高优的性能.
- Glusterfs支持运行在任何标准IP网络上标准应用程序的标准客户端，如下图1所示，用户可以在全局统一的命名空间中使用NFS/CIFS等标准协议来访问应用数据.
Glusterfs主要特征
- 扩展性和高性能
- 高可用
- 全局统一命名空间
- 弹性hash算法
- 弹性卷管理
- 基于标准协议
工作原理：
1) 首先是在客户端， 用户通过glusterfs的mount point 来读写数据， 对于用户来说，集群系统的存在对用户是完全透明的，用户感觉不到是操作本地系统还是远端的集群系统。
2) 用户的这个操作被递交给 本地linux系统的VFS来处理。
3) VFS 将数据递交给FUSE 内核文件系统:在启动 glusterfs 客户端以前，需要想系统注册一个实际的文件系统FUSE,如上图所示，该文件系统与ext3在同一个层次上面， ext3 是对实际的磁盘进行处理， 而fuse 文件系统则是将数据通过/dev/fuse 这个设备文件递交给了glusterfs client端。所以， 我们可以将 fuse文件系统理解为一个代理。
4) 数据被fuse 递交给Glusterfs client 后， client 对数据进行一些指定的处理（所谓的指定，是按照client 配置文件据来进行的一系列处理， 我们在启动glusterfs client 时需要指定这个文件。
5) 在glusterfs client的处理末端，通过网络将数据递交给 Glusterfs Server，并且将数据写入到服务器所控制的存储设备上。
常用卷类型
分布（distributed）
复制（replicate）
条带（striped）
基本卷：
(1) distribute volume：分布式卷
(2) stripe volume：条带卷
(3) replica volume：复制卷
复合卷：
(4) distribute stripe volume：分布式条带卷
(5) distribute replica volume：分布式复制卷
(6) stripe replica volume：条带复制卷
(7) distribute stripe replicavolume：分布式条带复制卷
二、环境规划
注：node1-node6 为服务端 ，node-client为客户端
| 操作系统 | IP | 主机名 | 硬盘数量（三块） |
| centos 7.3 | 172.16.2.51 | node1 | sdb:2G sdc:2G sdd:2G |
| centos 7.3 | 172.16.2.52 | node2 | sdb:2G sdc:2G sdd:2G |
| centos 7.3 | 172.16.2.53 | node3 | sdb:2G sdc:2G sdd:2G |
| centos 7.3 | 172.16.2.54 | node4 | sdb:2G sdc:2G sdd:2G |
| centos 7.3 | 172.16.2.55 | node5 | sdb:2G sdc:2G sdd:2G |
| centos 7.3 | 172.16.2.56 | node6 | sdb:2G sdc:2G sdd:2G |
| centos 7.3 | 172.16.2.57 | node7-client | sda:20G |
1、环境准备：(node1-node6 同时操作)
1.1 给node1-node6 每台主机添加三块各2G硬盘。
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/cl-root 18G 4.2G 14G 24% /
devtmpfs 473M 0 473M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 84K 489M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 7.1M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdd 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /glusterfs/sdd
/dev/sdc 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /glusterfs/sdc
/dev/sdb 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /glusterfs/sdb
/dev/sda1 297M 158M 140M 54% /boot
tmpfs 98M 16K 98M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
1.2 关闭防火墙，seLinux，同步时间
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭SELinux
sed 's/=permissive/=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
同步时间
ntpdate ntp.gwadar.cn
1.3 主机解析（hosts文件配置)
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.2.51 node1
172.16.2.52 node2
172.16.2.53 node3
172.16.2.54 node4
172.16.2.55 node5
172.16.2.56 node6
1.4 测试所有存储节点网络情况
for i in {1..6}
do
ping -c3 node$i &> /dev/null && echo "$i up "
done
1.5 配置epel源
yum install http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.3.1611/extras/x86_64/Packages/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm
1.6 配置glusterfs 的本地 yum源（采用网络源方式）
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/gluster-epel.repo
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/gluster.repo
[gluster]
name=gluster
baseurl=https://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/7/storage/x86_64/gluster-3.8/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
1.7 安装GlusterFS和rpcbind(他是一个RPC服务，主要是在nfs共享时候负责通知客户端，服务器的nfs端口号的。简单理解rpc就是一个中介服务。)
yum install -y glusterfs-server samba rpcbind
systemctl start glusterd.service
systemctl enable glusterd.service
systemctl start rpcbind // rpcbind 用于以nfs方式挂在
systemctl enable rpcbind
systemctl status rpcbind
以上操作均在node1-node6上同时操作
三、Gluster管理
1、gluster 命令帮助
[root@node1 ~]# gluster peer help
peer detach { <HOSTNAME> | <IP-address> } [force] - detach peer specified by <HOSTNAME>
peer help - Help command for peer
peer probe { <HOSTNAME> | <IP-address> } - probe peer specified by <HOSTNAME>
peer status - list status of peers
pool list - list all the nodes in the pool (including localhost)
2、添加GlusterFS节点（在node1上操作就可以）
[root@node1 ~]# gluster peer probe node2
peer probe: success.
[root@node1 ~]# gluster peer probe node3
peer probe: success.
[root@node1 ~]# gluster peer probe node4
peer probe: success.
查看所添加节点的状态
[root@node1 ~]# gluster peer status
Number of Peers: 3
Hostname: node2
Uuid: 67c60312-a312-43d6-af77-87cbbc29e1aa
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
Hostname: node3
Uuid: d79c3a0b-585a-458d-b202-f88ac1439d0d
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
Hostname: node4
Uuid: 97094c6e-afc8-4cfb-9d26-616aedc55236
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
从存储池中删除节点
[root@node1 ~]# gluster peer detach node2
peer detach: success
[root@node1 ~]# gluster peer probe node2
peer probe: success.
3、创建卷
3.1创建分布卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create dis_vol \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/dv1 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/dv1 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/dv1
volume create: dis_vol: success: please start the volume to access data
查看分布卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume info dis_vol
3.2创建复制卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create rep_vol replica 3 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/rv2 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/rv2 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/rv2
volume create: rep_vol: success: please start the volume to access data
查看
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume info rep_vol
3.3创建条带卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create str_vol stripe 3 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/sv3 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/sv3 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/sv3
volume create: str_vol: success: please start the volume to access data
查看gluster volume info str_vol
3.4 创建分布条带卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create dir_str_vol stripe 4 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/dsv4 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/dsv4 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/dsv4 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/dsv4 \
> node5:/glusterfs/sdb/dsv4 \
> node6:/glusterfs/sdb/dsv4 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdc/dsv4 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdc/dsv4
volume create: dir_str_vol: failed: Host node5 is not in ' Peer in Cluster' state
3.5 创建分布复制卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create dir_rep_vol replica 2 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5
volume create: dir_rep_vol: success: please start the volume to access data
3.6 创建分布条带复制
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create dis_str_rep_vol stri 2 repl 2 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/dsrv6 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/dsrv6 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drsv6 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drsv6
volume create: dis_str_rep_vol: success: please start the volume to access data
3.7 创建条带复制卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create str_rep_vol stripe 2 replica 2 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/srv7 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/srv7 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/srv7 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/srv7
volume create: str_rep_vol: success: please start the volume to access data
3.8 创建分散卷（不常用）
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create disperse_vol disperse 4 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8
There isn't an optimal redundancy value for this configuration. Do you want to create the volume with redundancy 1 ? (y/n) y
volume create: disperse_vol: success: please start the volume to access data
查看卷的状态
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume info disperse_vol
Volume Name: disperse_vol
Type: Disperse
Volume ID: 8be1cd6f-49f8-4b11-bcfb-ef5a4f22e224
Status: Created
Snapshot Count: 0
Number of Bricks: 1 x (3 + 1) = 4
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: node1:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8
Brick2: node2:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8
Brick3: node3:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8
Brick4: node4:/glusterfs/sdb/dv8
Options Reconfigured:
transport.address-family: inet
performance.readdir-ahead: on
nfs.disable: on
3.9 创建分布分散卷（不常用）
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume create disperse_vol_3 disperse 3 \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/d9 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/d9 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/d9 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/d9 \
> node5:/glusterfs/sdb/d9 \
> node6:/glusterfs/sdb/d9
volume create: disperse_vol_3: success: please start the volume to access data
4、查看卷
4.1 查看单个卷的详细信息
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume info disperse_vol_3
Volume Name: disperse_vol_3
Type: Distributed-Disperse
Volume ID: 3065d729-8a4f-4717-b8dc-cd73950d8ef7
Status: Created
Snapshot Count: 0
Number of Bricks: 2 x (2 + 1) = 6
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: node1:/glusterfs/sdb/d9
Brick2: node2:/glusterfs/sdb/d9
Brick3: node3:/glusterfs/sdb/d9
Brick4: node4:/glusterfs/sdb/d9
Brick5: node5:/glusterfs/sdb/d9
Brick6: node6:/glusterfs/sdb/d9
Options Reconfigured:
transport.address-family: inet
performance.readdir-ahead: on
nfs.disable: on
4.2查看所有创建卷的状态
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume status
Status of volume: dir_rep_vol
Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brick node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49152 0 Y 17676
Brick node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49152 0 Y 16821
Brick node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49152 0 Y 16643
Brick node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49152 0 Y 17365
Self-heal Daemon on localhost N/A N/A Y 16841
Self-heal Daemon on node3 N/A N/A Y 16663
Self-heal Daemon on node6 N/A N/A Y 16557
Self-heal Daemon on node2 N/A N/A N N/A
Self-heal Daemon on node5 N/A N/A Y 15374
Self-heal Daemon on node4 N/A N/A Y 17386
Task Status of Volume dir_rep_vol
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are no active volume tasks
Volume dis_str_rep_vol is not started
Volume dis_vol is not started
Volume disperse_vol is not started
Volume disperse_vol_3 is not started
Volume rep_vol is not started
Volume str_rep_vol is not started
Volume str_vol is not started
5、/启/停/删除卷
$gluster volume start mamm-volume
$gluster volume stop mamm-volume
$gluster volume delete mamm-volume
6、扩展收缩卷
$gluster volume add-brick mamm-volume [strip|repli <count>] brick1...
$gluster volume remove-brick mamm-volume [repl <count>] brick1...
扩展或收缩卷时，也要按照卷的类型，加入或减少的brick个数必须满足相应的要求。
扩展前状态
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume status dir_rep_vol
Status of volume: dir_rep_vol
Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brick node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 2409
Brick node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 1162
Brick node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 1140
Brick node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 1430
Self-heal Daemon on localhost N/A N/A Y 2560
Self-heal Daemon on node3 N/A N/A Y 2507
Self-heal Daemon on node6 N/A N/A Y 2207
Self-heal Daemon on node5 N/A N/A Y 2749
Self-heal Daemon on node4 N/A N/A Y 2787
Self-heal Daemon on node2 N/A N/A Y 2803
Task Status of Volume dir_rep_vol
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
扩展
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume add-brick dir_rep_vol \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6
volume add-brick: success
扩展后
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume status dir_rep_vol
Status of volume: dir_rep_vol
Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brick node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 2409
Brick node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 1162
Brick node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 1140
Brick node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 49153 0 Y 1430
Brick node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5248
Brick node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5093
Brick node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5017
Brick node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5103
Self-heal Daemon on localhost N/A N/A Y 5268
Self-heal Daemon on node3 N/A N/A Y 5037
Self-heal Daemon on node6 N/A N/A Y 5041
Self-heal Daemon on node5 N/A N/A Y 5055
Self-heal Daemon on node4 N/A N/A Y 5132
Self-heal Daemon on node2 N/A N/A N N/A
Task Status of Volume dir_rep_vol
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are no active volume tasks
收缩卷
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume remove-brick dir_rep_vol \
> node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 \
> node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 \
> node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 \
> node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv5 force（强制）
Removing brick(s) can result in data loss. Do you want to Continue? (y/n) y
volume remove-brick commit force: success
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume status dir_rep_vol
Status of volume: dir_rep_vol
Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brick node1:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5248
Brick node2:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5093
Brick node3:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5017
Brick node4:/glusterfs/sdb/drv6 49154 0 Y 5103
Self-heal Daemon on localhost N/A N/A Y 5591
Self-heal Daemon on node4 N/A N/A Y 5377
Self-heal Daemon on node6 N/A N/A Y 5291
Self-heal Daemon on node5 N/A N/A Y 5305
Self-heal Daemon on node2 N/A N/A Y 5341
Self-heal Daemon on node3 N/A N/A Y 5282
Task Status of Volume dir_rep_vol
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are no active volume tasks
7、迁移卷(替换)
volume replace-brick <VOLNAME> <SOURCE-BRICK> <NEW-BRICK> {commit force}
示例：
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume replace-brick rep_vol node2:/glusterfs/sdb/rv2 node2:/glusterfs/sdb/rv3 commit force
volume replace-brick: failed: volume: rep_vol is not started
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume start rep_vol
volume start: rep_vol: success
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume replace-brick rep_vol node2:/glusterfs/sdb/rv2 node2:/glusterfs/sdb/rv3 commit force
volume replace-brick: success: replace-brick commit force operation successful
#迁移需要完成一系列的事务，假如我们准备将mamm卷中的brick3替换为brick5
#启动迁移过程
$gluster volume replace-brick mamm-volume node3:/exp3 node5:/exp5 start
#暂停迁移过程
$gluster volume replace-brick mamm-volume node3:/exp3 node5:/exp5 pause
#中止迁移过程
$gluster volume replace-brick mamm-volume node3:/exp3 node5:/exp5 abort
#查看迁移状态
$gluster volume replace-brick mamm-volume node3:/exp3 node5:/exp5 status
#迁移完成后提交完成
$gluster volume replace-brick mamm-volume node3:/exp3 node5:/exp5 commit
四、客户端管理
1、安装
[root@node7-client ~]# yum install glusterfs glusterfs-fuse attr -y
2、glusterfs方式挂在
挂载（当前生效）
[root@node7 ~]# mount -t glusterfs node2:/rep_vol /gfs_test/
[root@node7 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/cl-root 18G 4.1G 14G 24% /
devtmpfs 473M 0 473M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 84K 489M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 7.1M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 297M 156M 142M 53% /boot
tmpfs 98M 16K 98M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
node2:/rep_vol 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /rep
node2:/rep_vol 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /gfs_test
挂载（永久）
[root@node7 ~]# echo "node2:/rep_vol /gfs_test glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@node7 ~]# mount -a
3、Nfs方式
挂在（当前生效）
[root@node7 ~]# mount -t nfs node3:/dis_vol gfs_nfs
mount.nfs: requested NFS version or transport protocol is not supported
解决方法：
1）、安装 nfs-utils rpcbind
2）、开起卷的nfs挂载方式
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume info dis_vol
Volume Name: dis_vol
Type: Distribute
Volume ID: c501f4ad-5a54-4835-b163-f508aa1c07ba
Status: Started
Snapshot Count: 0
Number of Bricks: 3
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: node1:/glusterfs/sdb/dv1
Brick2: node2:/glusterfs/sdb/dv1
Brick3: node3:/glusterfs/sdb/dv1
Options Reconfigured:
transport.address-family: inet
performance.readdir-ahead: on
nfs.disable: on
[root@node1 ~]# gluster volume set dis_vol nfs.disable off
volume set: success
[root@node7 ~]# mount -t nfs node3:/dis_vol /gfs_nfs
[root@node7 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/cl-root 18G 4.2G 14G 24% /
devtmpfs 473M 0 473M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 84K 489M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 7.1M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 297M 156M 142M 53% /boot
tmpfs 98M 16K 98M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
node3:/dis_vol 6.0G 97M 5.9G 2% /gfs_nfs
永久挂载
[root@node7 ~]# echo "node3:/dis_vol /gfs_nfs nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@node7 ~]# mount -a
[root@node7 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/cl-root 18G 4.1G 14G 24% /
devtmpfs 473M 0 473M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 84K 489M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 7.1M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 297M 156M 142M 53% /boot
tmpfs 98M 12K 98M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
node3:/dis_vol 6.0G 97M 5.9G 2% /gfs_nfs