Android四大组件之一BroadcastReceiver简析

时间：2022-08-27 22:04:27

Android四大组件之一BroadcastReceiver简析

最近有在温故知新，故将自己的一些浅薄见解归纳总结，供各位参考，也方便自己日后查阅。
    BroadcastReceiver是一个全局监听器，可用来实现系统不同组件之间的通信（关于BroadcastReceiver的详细定义在此不再赘述）。
    BroadcastReceiver按性质可分为：A、系统广播，如电量、短信等；B、开发人员的自定义广播；
    按方式可分为：A、无序广播（普通广播）；B、有序广播；C、粘性广播；
    其中有序广播与无序广播的流程均为：1、注册；2、发送；3、接收。
    广播按注册方式可分为：①、静态注册；②、动态注册。
    不论静态注册或动态注册均需自建Java类extends BroadcastReceiver。
    以下为代码示例：

A、无序广播
一、静态注册广播

/**
 * Created by shiyuan on 2017/7/26.
 * 静态注册--广播接收者实现
 */

public class ShayeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();
@Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        String result = intent.getStringExtra("key");
        Log.d(TAG,"静态广播"+"action:"+action+" ..... 广播传送的内容： "+result);
        Toast.makeText(context,"静态广播",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}
/**
*清单文件 --- 静态广播注册
*/
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="net.shangpay.shayeimprovebasic">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <!--静态广播注册-->
        <receiver android:name=".myreceiver.ShayeReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="static_Broadcast"></action>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

Android四大组件之一BroadcastReceiver简析

Android四大组件之一BroadcastReceiver简析

二、动态注册广播

/**
*动态广播注册
*/
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

private ShayeActionBroadReceiver actionBroadReceiver;     //动态注册广播
private IntentFilter intentFilter;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);

this.actionBroadReceiver = new ShayeActionBroadReceiver();
this.intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
this.intentFilter.addAction("actionBroad");


// 有序广播
this.orderBroadCastReciverFirst = new OrderBroadCastReciverFirst();
this.filterFirst = new IntentFilter("order");
this.filterFirst.setPriority(100);

this.orderBroadCastReciverSecond = new OrderBroadCastReciverSecond();
this.filterSecond = new IntentFilter("order");
this.filterSecond.setPriority(50);

    }

@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
/**
 * 动态广播 ---注册广播
 */
// LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).registerReceiver(actionBroadReceiver,intentFilter);
this.registerReceiver(actionBroadReceiver, intentFilter);
    }

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//销毁广播接收者
this.unregisterReceiver(actionBroadReceiver);
    }
/**
*动态广播接收者
*/
private class ShayeActionBroadReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "动态广播接收", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            String action = intent.getAction();
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("actionKey");
            Log.d(TAG, "action:" + action + " ...result:" + result);
        }
    }

B、有序广播
有序广播注册方式与无序广播注册方式一样，以下以动态注册为例：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

private OrderBroadCastReciverFirst orderBroadCastReciverFirst;  // 有序广播
private OrderBroadCastReciverSecond orderBroadCastReciverSecond;

private IntentFilter filterFirst;
private IntentFilter filterSecond;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);

// 有序广播
this.orderBroadCastReciverFirst = new OrderBroadCastReciverFirst();
this.filterFirst = new IntentFilter("order");
this.filterFirst.setPriority(100);

this.orderBroadCastReciverSecond = new OrderBroadCastReciverSecond();
this.filterSecond = new IntentFilter("order");
this.filterSecond.setPriority(50);

    }

@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
/**
 * 有序广播 ---动态注册
 */
this.registerReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverFirst,filterFirst);
this.registerReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverSecond,filterSecond);
    }

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//销毁广播接收者
this.unregisterReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverSecond);
this.unregisterReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverFirst);
    }
/**
*发送有序广播
*/
@OnClick(R.id.button_orderBroad)
void buttonClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.button_orderBroad:
                Intent orderIntentOne = new Intent("order");
                orderIntentOne.putExtra("order1", "有序广播-----1");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(orderIntentOne, null);
break;
        }
    }
/**
*有序广播接收者
*/
private class OrderBroadCastReciverFirst extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("order1");
            Log.d(TAG,"有序广播1，action："+action+" ...result:"+result);

            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString("order2","333333来自有序广播1的处理结果");
            intent.putExtra("bundle",bundle);
            setResultExtras(bundle);
//切断广播，不再让广播发送
//abortBroadcast();
        }
    }

private class OrderBroadCastReciverSecond extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Log.d(TAG,"有序广播2");

            String action = intent.getAction();
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("order1");

            Bundle h = getResultExtras(true);
            Log.d(TAG,"action:"+action+"\nresult:"+result+"\n有序广播1的处理结果："+h.getString("order2")
                    +"\nBundle:"+intent.getExtras().toString());
        }
    }

C、粘性广播
1、需在清单文件AndroidManifest.xml中添加 权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY"></uses-permission>

2、粘性广播的调用方法：sendStickyBroadcast(intent1)，其他均一样；
3、一般广播都是先注册广播，才能接收到广播，而粘性广播可以做到先发送广播，哪里需要接收该广播就哪里注册，可以后注册广播拿到广播的结果。这就是 普通广播和粘性广播的区别。从示例中也看出了普通广播在跳转到ReceiveActivity中是接受不到广播发送者发出的广播的，只有粘性广播才能接收到。
在此就不贴代码了。敬请谅解

此处代码为MainActivity，为了省事，将静态注册、动态注册以及有序广播均写在了这个Activity中。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

private String staticAction = "static_Broadcast";
private ShayeActionBroadReceiver actionBroadReceiver;     //动态注册广播
private IntentFilter intentFilter;

private OrderBroadCastReciverFirst orderBroadCastReciverFirst;  // 有序广播
private OrderBroadCastReciverSecond orderBroadCastReciverSecond;

private IntentFilter filterFirst;
private IntentFilter filterSecond;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);

this.actionBroadReceiver = new ShayeActionBroadReceiver();
this.intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
this.intentFilter.addAction("actionBroad");


// 有序广播
this.orderBroadCastReciverFirst = new OrderBroadCastReciverFirst();
this.filterFirst = new IntentFilter("order");
this.filterFirst.setPriority(100);

this.orderBroadCastReciverSecond = new OrderBroadCastReciverSecond();
this.filterSecond = new IntentFilter("order");
this.filterSecond.setPriority(50);

    }

@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
/**
 * 动态广播 ---注册广播
 */
// LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).registerReceiver(actionBroadReceiver,intentFilter);
this.registerReceiver(actionBroadReceiver, intentFilter);

this.registerReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverFirst,filterFirst);
this.registerReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverSecond,filterSecond);
    }

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
this.unregisterReceiver(actionBroadReceiver);
this.unregisterReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverSecond);
this.unregisterReceiver(orderBroadCastReciverFirst);
    }

@OnClick({R.id.button_test, R.id.button_actionBroad, R.id.button_orderBroad})
void buttonClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.button_test:
                Intent broadIntent = new Intent(staticAction);
                broadIntent.putExtra("key", "静态广播测试。。。。");
this.sendBroadcast(broadIntent);
break;
case R.id.button_actionBroad:
                Intent actionBroadIntent = new Intent();
                actionBroadIntent.setAction("actionBroad");
                actionBroadIntent.putExtra("actionKey", "KKKKK。。。动态广播注册。。。");
this.sendBroadcast(actionBroadIntent);
break;
case R.id.button_orderBroad:
                Intent orderIntentOne = new Intent("order");
                orderIntentOne.putExtra("order1", "有序广播-----1");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(orderIntentOne, null);
break;
        }
    }

private class ShayeActionBroadReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "OOPPPP", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            String action = intent.getAction();
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("actionKey");
            Log.d(TAG, "action:" + action + " ...result:" + result);
        }
    }

private class OrderBroadCastReciverFirst extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("order1");
            Log.d(TAG,"有序广播1，action："+action+" ...result:"+result);

            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString("order2","333333来自有序广播1的处理结果");
            intent.putExtra("bundle",bundle);
            setResultExtras(bundle);
//切断广播，不再让广播发送
//abortBroadcast();
        }
    }

private class OrderBroadCastReciverSecond extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Log.d(TAG,"有序广播2");

            String action = intent.getAction();
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("order1");

            Bundle h = getResultExtras(true);
            Log.d(TAG,"action:"+action+"\nresult:"+result+"\n有序广播1的处理结果："+h.getString("order2")
                    +"\nBundle:"+intent.getExtras().toString());
        }
    }
}

终：这是我看到的关于广播写得较好的文章，本文中关于粘性广播的总结摘抄自此处：http://blog.csdn.net/feiduclear_up/article/details/45720675。

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