JAVA项目中LOG4J的使用

时间:2022-02-28 21:48:21

一、直接使用:

//输出到项目文件夹下output1.txt文件中

//////////////////////////////

// DEBUG - Here is some DEBUG

// INFO - Here is some INFO

// WARN - Here is some WARN

// ERROR - Here is some ERROR

// FATAL - Here is some FATAL

//////////////////////////////

package hunnu.sanha.test;

import org.apache.log4j.Level;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout;

import org.apache.log4j.FileAppender;

public class Simpandfile {

   static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Simpandfile.class);

   public static void main(String args[]) {

      SimpleLayout layout = new SimpleLayout();

      FileAppender appender = null;

      try {

          appender = new FileAppender(layout,"output1.txt",false);

       } catch(Exception e) {}

       logger.addAppender(appender);

       logger.setLevel((Level) Level.);

       logger.debug("Here is some DEBUG");

       logger.info("Here is some INFO");

       logger.warn("Here is some WARN");

       logger.error("Here is some ERROR");

       logger.fatal("Here is some FATAL");

    }

}

 

//按格式输出到项目文件夹下output2.html

package hunnu.sanha.test;

import java.io.*;

import org.apache.log4j.Level;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout;

import org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender;

public class Htmlandwrite {

   static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Htmlandwrite.class);

   public static void main(String args[]) {

      HTMLLayout layout = new HTMLLayout();

      WriterAppender appender = null;

      try {

          FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("output2.html");

          appender = new WriterAppender(layout,output);

       } catch(Exception e) {}

       logger.addAppender(appender);

       logger.setLevel((Level) Level.);

       logger.debug("Here is some DEBUG");

       logger.info("Here is some INFO");

       logger.warn("Here is some WARN");

       logger.error("Here is some ERROR");

       logger.fatal("Here is some FATAL");

    }

}

 

 

//输出到控制台

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Milliseconds since program start: 0

Classname of caller: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt

Date in ISO8601 format: 2008-07-29 11:02:30,578

Location of log event: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt.main(Consandpatt.java:20)

Message: Here is some DEBUG

 

Milliseconds since program start: 15

Classname of caller: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt

Date in ISO8601 format: 2008-07-29 11:02:30,593

Location of log event: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt.main(Consandpatt.java:21)

Message: Here is some INFO

 

Milliseconds since program start: 15

Classname of caller: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt

Date in ISO8601 format: 2008-07-29 11:02:30,593

Location of log event: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt.main(Consandpatt.java:22)

Message: Here is some WARN

 

Milliseconds since program start: 15

Classname of caller: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt

Date in ISO8601 format: 2008-07-29 11:02:30,593

Location of log event: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt.main(Consandpatt.java:23)

Message: Here is some ERROR

 

Milliseconds since program start: 15

Classname of caller: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt

Date in ISO8601 format: 2008-07-29 11:02:30,593

Location of log event: hunnu.sanha.test.Consandpatt.main(Consandpatt.java:24)

Message: Here is some FATAL

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////

package hunnu.sanha.test;

import org.apache.log4j.Level;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout;

import org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender;

public class Consandpatt {

   static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Consandpatt.class);

   public static void main(String args[]) {

      // Note, %n is newline

      String pattern =  "Milliseconds since program start: %r %n";

              pattern += "Classname of caller: %C %n";

              pattern += "Date in ISO8601 format: %d{ISO8601} %n";

              pattern += "Location of log event: %l %n";

              pattern += "Message: %m %n %n";

      

      PatternLayout layout = new PatternLayout(pattern);

      ConsoleAppender appender = new ConsoleAppender(layout);

       logger.addAppender(appender);

       logger.setLevel((Level) Level.);

       logger.debug("Here is some DEBUG");

       logger.info("Here is some INFO");

       logger.warn("Here is some WARN");

       logger.error("Here is some ERROR");

       logger.fatal("Here is some FATAL");

    }

}

二、使用配置文件(都直接放到项目文件夹下)

 //xmllog4jconfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">

<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">

   <appender name="appender" class="org.apache.log4j.FileAppender">

     <param name="File" value="Indentify-Log.txt"/>

     <param name="Append" value="false"/>

     <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">

       <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%t] %p - %m%n"/>

     </layout>

   </appender>

   <root>

     <priority value ="debug"/>

     <appender-ref ref="appender"/>

   </root>

</log4j:configuration>

 

//Externalxmltest.java

 package hunnu.sanha.external;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator;

public class Externalxmltest {

   static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Externalxmltest.class);

   public static void main(String args[]) {

       DOMConfigurator.configure("xmllog4jconfig.xml");

       logger.debug("Here is some DEBUG");

       logger.info("Here is some INFO");

       logger.warn("Here is some WARN");

       logger.error("Here is some ERROR");

       logger.fatal("Here is some FATAL");

    }

}

//结果输出到Indentify-Log.txt文件中

2008-07-29 10:48:11,375 [main] DEBUG - Here is some DEBUG

2008-07-29 10:48:11,375 [main] INFO - Here is some INFO

2008-07-29 10:48:11,375 [main] WARN - Here is some WARN

2008-07-29 10:48:11,375 [main] ERROR - Here is some ERROR

2008-07-29 10:48:11,375 [main] FATAL - Here is some FATAL

 

 

// plainlog4jconfig.txt

# initialise root logger with level DEBUG and call it BLAH

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, BLAH

# add a ConsoleAppender to the logger BLAH

log4j.appender.BLAH=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender

# set set that layout to be SimpleLayout

log4j.appender.BLAH.layout=org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout

 

//Externalplaintest.java

package hunnu.sanha.external;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;

public class Externalplaintest {

   static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Externalplaintest.class);

   public static void main(String args[]) {

       PropertyConfigurator.configure("plainlog4jconfig.txt");

       logger.debug("Here is some DEBUG");

       logger.info("Here is some INFO");

       logger.warn("Here is some WARN");

       logger.error("Here is some ERROR");

       logger.fatal("Here is some FATAL");

    }

}

//结果输出到控制台

DEBUG - Here is some DEBUG

INFO - Here is some INFO

WARN - Here is some WARN

ERROR - Here is some ERROR

FATAL - Here is some FATAL

 

附加:

2.1.   日志信息的优先级


分为OFF、FATAL、ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG、ALL或者您定义的级别。 
Log4j建议只使用四个级别,优先级从高到低分别是ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG。通过在这里定义的级别,您可以控制到应用程序中相应级别的日志信息的开关。 
假如在一个级别为q的Logger中发生一个级别为p的日志请求,如果p>=q,那么请求将被启用。这是Log4j的核心原则。 
比如在这里定义了INFO级别,则应用程序中所有DEBUG级别的日志信息将不被打印出来;

2.2.   输出源的使用


有选择的能用或者禁用日志请求仅仅是Log4j的一部分功能。Log4j允许日志请求被输出到多个输出源。用Log4j的话说,一个输出源被称做一个Appender。 
Appender包括console(控制台), files(文件), GUI components(图形的组件), remote socket servers(socket 服务), JMS(java信息服务), NT Event Loggers(NT的事件日志), and remote UNIX Syslog daemons(远程UNIX的后台日志服务)。它也可以做到异步记录。 
一个logger可以设置超过一个的appender。 
用addAppender 方法添加一个appender到一个给定的logger。对于一个给定的logger它每个生效的日志请求都被转发到该logger所有的appender上和该logger的父辈logger的appender上。

2.2.1.  ConsoleAppender


如果使用ConsoleAppender,那么log信息将写到Console。效果等同于直接把信息打印到System.out上了。

2.2.2.  FileAppender


使用FileAppender,那么log信息将写到指定的文件中。这应该是比较经常使用到的情况。 
相应地,在配置文件中应该指定log输出的文件名。如下配置指定了log文件名为dglog.txt 
log4j.appender.A2.File=dglog.txt 
注意将A2替换为具体配置中Appender的别名。

2.2.3.  DailyRollingAppender


使用FileAppender可以将log信息输出到文件中,但是如果文件太大了读起来就不方便了。这时就可以使用DailyRollingAppender。DailyRollingAppender可以把Log信息输出到按照日期来区分的文件中。配置文件就会每天产生一个log文件,每个log文件只记录当天的log信息: 
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender 
log4j.appender.A2.file=dglog 
log4j.appender.A2.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd 
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern= %5r %-5p %c{2} - %m%n

2.2.4.  org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender


文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件。 
log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender 
log4j.appender.R.File= ../logs/dglog.log 
# Control the maximum log file size 
log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=100KB 
# Archive log files (one backup file here) 
log4j.appender.R.MaxBackupIndex=1 
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%p %t %c - %m%n 
这个配置文件指定了输出源R,是一个轮转日志文件。最大的文件是100KB,当一个日志文件达到最大尺寸时,Log4J会自动把example.log重命名为dglog.log.1,然后重建一个新的dglog.log文件,依次轮转。

2.2.5.  org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender


将日志信息以流格式发送到任意指定的地方。

2.3.  Layout的配置


Layout指定了log信息输出的样式。

2.3.1.  布局样式


org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout(以HTML表格形式布局), 
org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout(可以灵活地指定布局模式), 
org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout(包含日志信息的级别和信息字符串), 
org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout(包含日志产生的时间、线程、类别等等信息)

2.3.2.  格式


%m 输出代码中指定的消息 
%p 输出优先级,即DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR,FATAL 
%r 输出自应用启动到输出该log信息耗费的毫秒数 
%c 输出所属的类目,通常就是所在类的全名 
%t 输出产生该日志事件的线程名 
%n 输出一个回车换行符,Windows平台为"rn",Unix平台为"n" 
%d 输出日志时间点的日期或时间,默认格式为ISO8601,也可以在其后指定格式,比如:%d{yyy MMM dd HH:mm:ss,SSS},输出类似:2002年10月18日 22:10:28,921 
%l 输出日志事件的发生位置,包括类目名、发生的线程,以及在代码中的行数。举例:Testlog4.main(Test Log4.java:10)

2.3.3.  例子


例子1:显示日期和log信息 
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %m%n 
打印的信息是: 
2002-11-12 11:49:42,866 SELECT * FROM Role WHERE 1=1 order by createDate desc 

例子2:显示日期,log发生地方和log信息 
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %l "#" %m%n 
2002-11-12 11:51:46,313 cn.net.unet.weboa.system.dao.RoleDAO.select(RoleDAO.java:409) "#" 
SELECT * FROM Role WHERE 1=1 order by createDate desc 
  
例子3:显示log级别,时间,调用方法,log信息 
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=[%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} 
method:%l%n%m%n 
log信息: 
[DEBUG] 2002-11-12 12:00:57,376 
method:cn.net.unet.weboa.system.dao.RoleDAO.select(RoleDAO.java:409) 
SELECT * FROM Role WHERE 1=1 order by createDate desc

2.4.   配置文件的例子:


log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG 
#将DAO层log记录到DAOLog,allLog中 
log4j.logger.DAO=DEBUG,A2,A4 
#将逻辑层log记录到BusinessLog,allLog中 
log4j.logger.Businesslog=DEBUG,A3,A4 

#A1--打印到屏幕上 
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender 
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-5p [%t] %37c %3x - %m%n 

#A2--打印到文件DAOLog中--专门为DAO层服务 
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender 
log4j.appender.A2.file=DAOLog 
log4j.appender.A2.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd 
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=[%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} 
method:%l%n%m%n 

#A3--打印到文件BusinessLog中--专门记录逻辑处理层服务log信息 
log4j.appender.A3=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender 
log4j.appender.A3.file=BusinessLog 
log4j.appender.A3.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd 
log4j.appender.A3.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A3.layout.ConversionPattern=[%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} 
method:%l%n%m%n 

#A4--打印到文件alllog中--记录所有log信息 
log4j.appender.A4=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender 
log4j.appender.A4.file=alllog 
log4j.appender.A4.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd 
log4j.appender.A4.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.A4.layout.ConversionPattern=[%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} 
method:%l%n%m%n