Dnc.Api.Throttle
适用于Dot Net Core的WebApi接口限流框架
使用Dnc.Api.Throttle可以使您轻松实现WebApi接口的限流管理。Dnc.Api.Throttle支持IP、用户身份、Request Header、Request QueryString等多种限流策略,支持黑名单和白名单功能,支持全局拦截和单独Api拦截。
Dnc.Api.Throttle暂时只支持Redis作为缓存和存储库,后续会进行扩展。
开始使用
-
安装Dnc.Api.Throttle
NuGet:
PM> Install-Package Dnc.Api.Throttle
-
基本配置
Startup.cs
:public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//Api限流
services.AddApiThrottle(options => {
//配置redis
//如果Cache和Storage使用同一个redis,则可以按如下配置
options.UseRedisCacheAndStorage(opts => {
opts.ConnectionString = "localhost,connectTimeout=5000,allowAdmin=false,defaultDatabase=0";
//opts.KeyPrefix = "apithrottle"; //指定给所有key加上前缀,默认为apithrottle
});
//如果Cache和Storage使用不同redis库,可以按如下配置
//options.UseRedisCache(opts => {
// opts.ConnectionString = "localhost,connectTimeout=5000,allowAdmin=false,defaultDatabase=0";
//});
//options.UseRedisStorage(opts => {
// opts.ConnectionString = "localhost,connectTimeout=5000,allowAdmin=false,defaultDatabase=1";
//});
}); services.AddMvc(opts => {
//这里添加ApiThrottleActionFilter拦截器
opts.Filters.Add(typeof(ApiThrottleActionFilter));
}).SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
} public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
... //Api限流
app.UseApiThrottle(); app.UseMvc();
} -
给Api添加一个限流阀门(Valve)
ValuesController.cs
:// GET api/values
[HttpGet]
[RateValve(Policy = Policy.Ip, Limit = , Duration = )]
public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}以上特性代表给Get接口添加一个速率阀门,指定每个IP,30秒内最多调用10次该接口。
-
通过以上配置,最简单的一个接口限流就完成了。
当Api被拦截时,接口不会执行,context.Result会返回一个
new ApiThrottleResult { Content = "访问过于频繁,请稍后重试!" }
, ApiThrottleResult继承于ContentResult,你可以不继续处理,也可以在自己的ResultFilter中拦截ApiThrottleResult并处理。
更多Valve范例
-
[RateValve(Policy = Policy.UserIdentity, Limit = 1, Duration = 60)]
代表根据用户身份,每60秒可访问1次该接口。关于用户身份,默认是如下取得的:
return context.User?.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier)?.Value;
如果需要自定义,则可以在Startup.cs中如下配置:
//Api限流
services.AddApiThrottle(options => {
...
options.OnUserIdentity = (httpContext) =>
{
//这里根据自己需求返回用户唯一身份
return httpContext.User?.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier)?.Value;
};
...
}); -
[RateValve(Policy = Policy.Header, PolicyKey = "hkey", Limit = 1, Duration = 30, WhenNull = WhenNull.Intercept)]
代表根据Request Header中hkey对应的值,每30秒可访问1次该接口。如果无法取得Header中的值或取得的值为空,则进行拦截。
关于WhenNull:
WhenNull = WhenNull.Pass
:对应策略取得的识别值为空时,不进行拦截。WhenNull = WhenNull.Intercept
:对应策略取得的识别值为空时,进行拦截。 -
[RateValve(Policy = Policy.Query, PolicyKey = "mobile", Limit = 1, Duration = 30, WhenNull = WhenNull.Pass)]
代表根据Request Query中mobile对应的值,每30秒可访问1次该接口。如果无法取得识别值或取得的值为空,则不进行拦截。
-
[BlackListValve(Policy = Policy.Query, PolicyKey = "mobile")]
黑名单拦截,代表根据Request Query中mobile对应的值,如果在黑名单中,则进行拦截。关于如何添加黑名单,请参照后面关于IApiThrottleService部分。
-
[WhiteListValve(Policy = Policy.Ip)]
白名单拦截,代表根据客户端IP地址,如果在白名单中,则不进行拦截(如果同一个Api上有多个Valve,按序当检查到白名单符合时,则代表检查通过,不进行后续Valve的拦截检查)。关于如何添加白名单,请参照后面关于IApiThrottleService部分。
-
一个Api多个Valve
// POST api/values
[HttpPost]
[WhiteListValve(Policy = Policy.Ip, Priority = )]
[BlackListValve(Policy = Policy.UserIdentity, Priority = )]
[RateValve(Policy = Policy.Header, PolicyKey = "hkey", Limit = , Duration = , WhenNull = WhenNull.Pass)]
public void Post([FromBody] string value)
{
}多个Valve根据Priority值从大到小进行拦截,如果被拦截,则不进行后续Valve拦截检查。
全局限流配置
以上都是对单个Api进行限流管理的,如果需要对全局进行限流管理,可在`Startup.cs`中进行如下配置:
//Api限流
services.AddApiThrottle(options => {
...
options.Global.AddValves(new BlackListValve
{
Policy = Policy.Ip,
Priority =
}, new WhiteListValve
{
Policy = Policy.UserIdentity,
Priority =
},
new BlackListValve
{
Policy = Policy.Header,
PolicyKey = "throttle"
}, new RateValve
{
Policy = Policy.Ip,
Limit = ,
Duration = ,
WhenNull = WhenNull.Pass
});
...
});
以上代表给全局添加了4个Valve进行拦截,如果被拦截,则不进行后续操作。
白名单检查通过时,代表全局拦截通过,不进行后续全局Valve检查(后续单独Api的检查还会进行)。
相同识别策略(Policy+PolicyKey)的Valve只能添加一个,重复不会添加。
全局限流拦截在Middlewarez中进行,单独Api限流拦截在IAsyncActionFilter中进行,当然也支持Razor Page,在IAsyncPageFilterz中进行限流。
其他自定义配置项
-
自定义IP地址取得方法:
//Api限流
services.AddApiThrottle(options => {
...
//以下是 Dnc.Api.Throttle 默认取得Ip地址的方法,可进行自定义
options.OnIpAddress = (context) => {
var ip = context.Request.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"].FirstOrDefault();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip))
{
ip = context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();
}
return ip;
};
...
}); -
自定义拦截后处理:
//Api限流
services.AddApiThrottle(options => {
...
options.onIntercepted = (context, valve, where) =>
{
//valve:引发拦截的valve
//where:拦截发生的地方,有ActionFilter,PageFilter,Middleware(全局)
if (where == IntercepteWhere.Middleware)
{
//注意:Middleware中返回的ActionResult无法在ResultFilter中拦截处理。
return new JsonResult(new { code = , message = "访问过于频繁,请稍后重试!" });
}
else
{
return new ApiThrottleResult { Content = "访问过于频繁,请稍后重试!" };
}
};
...
});IApiThrottleService
使用IApiThrottleService接口可实现黑名单、白名单的管理维护等其他功能。
使用范例:
/// <summary>
/// Api限流管理服务
/// </summary>
private readonly IApiThrottleService _service; public ValuesController(IApiThrottleService service)
{
_service = service;
} [HttpPost]
[BlackListValve(Policy = Policy.Ip)]
public async Task AddBlackList()
{
var ip = GetIpAddress(HttpContext);
//添加IP黑名单
await _service.AddRosterAsync(RosterType.BlackList,
"WebApiTest.Controllers.ValuesController.AddBlackList",
Policy.Ip, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(), ip);
} /// <summary>
/// 取得客户端IP地址
/// </summary>
private static string GetIpAddress(HttpContext context)
{
var ip = context.Request.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"].FirstOrDefault();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip))
{
ip = context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();
}
return ip;
}AddBlackList中针对WebApiTest.Controllers.ValuesController.AddBlackList方法添加了一个有效期60的IP黑名单,当前IP调用该接口会被IP黑名单拦截。
IApiThrottleService 现有接口:
#region 黑名单 & 白名单 /// <summary>
/// 添加名单
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rosterType">名单类型</param>
/// <param name="api">Api</param>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="policyKey">策略Key</param>
/// <param name="expiry">过期时间</param>
/// <param name="item">项目</param>
Task AddRosterAsync(RosterType rosterType, string api, Policy policy, string policyKey, TimeSpan? expiry, params string[] item); /// <summary>
/// 删除名单中数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rosterType">名单类型</param>
/// <param name="api">API</param>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="policyKey">策略Key</param>
/// <param name="expiry">过期时间</param>
/// <param name="item">项目</param>
Task RemoveRosterAsync(RosterType rosterType, string api, Policy policy, string policyKey, params string[] item); /// <summary>
/// 取得名单列表(分页)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rosterType">名单类型</param>
/// <param name="api">API</param>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="policyKey">策略Key</param>
Task<(long count, IEnumerable<ListItem> items)> GetRosterListAsync(RosterType rosterType, string api, Policy policy, string policyKey, long skip, long take); /// <summary>
/// 取得名单列表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rosterType">名单类型</param>
/// <param name="api">API</param>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="policyKey">策略Key</param>
Task<IEnumerable<ListItem>> GetRosterListAsync(RosterType rosterType, string api, Policy policy, string policyKey); /// <summary>
/// 添加全局名单
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rosterType">名单类型</param>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="policyKey">策略Key</param>
/// <param name="expiry">过期时间</param>
/// <param name="item">项目</param>
Task AddGlobalRosterAsync(RosterType rosterType, Policy policy, string policyKey, TimeSpan? expiry, params string[] item); /// <summary>
/// 移除全局名单
/// </summary>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="item">项目</param>
Task RemoveGlobalRosterAsync(RosterType rosterType, Policy policy, string policyKey, params string[] item); /// <summary>
/// 取得全局名单列表(分页)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rosterType">名单类型</param>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="policyKey">策略Key</param>
Task<(long count, IEnumerable<ListItem> items)> GetGlobalRosterListAsync(RosterType rosterType, Policy policy, string policyKey, long skip, long take); /// <summary>
/// 取得全局名单列表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rosterType">名单类型</param>
/// <param name="policy">策略</param>
/// <param name="policyKey">策略Key</param>
Task<IEnumerable<ListItem>> GetGlobalRosterListAsync(RosterType rosterType, Policy policy, string policyKey); #endregionGithub:https://github.com/kulend/Dnc.Api.ThrottleNuGet:https://www.nuget.org/packages/Dnc.Api.Throttle