C# 与 C++ 数据类型比较及结构体转换

引自:http://www.blogjava.net/heting/archive/2010/03/20/315998.html

C++            C#

=====================================
WORD            ushort
DWORD            uint
UCHAR            int/byte   大部分情况都可以使用int代替,而如果需要严格对齐的话则应该用bytebyte 
UCHAR*            string/IntPtr
unsigned char*         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)]byte[]/？（Intptr）
char*            string
LPCTSTR            string
LPTSTR            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] string
long            int
ulong               uint
Handle            IntPtr
HWND            IntPtr
void*            IntPtr
int            int
int*            ref int
*int            IntPtr
unsigned int        uint
COLORREF                uint 

 

 

API与C#的数据类型对应关系表 
API数据类型 类型描述 C#类型 API数据类型 类型描述 C#类型 
WORD 16位无符号整数 ushort CHAR 字符 char 
LONG 32位无符号整数 int DWORDLONG 64位长整数 long 
DWORD 32位无符号整数 uint HDC 设备描述表句柄 int 
HANDLE 句柄,32位整数 int HGDIOBJ GDI对象句柄 int 
UINT 32位无符号整数 uint HINSTANCE 实例句柄 int 
BOOL 32位布尔型整数 bool HWM 窗口句柄 int 
LPSTR 指向字符的32位指针 string HPARAM 32位消息参数 int 
LPCSTR 指向常字符的32位指针 String LPARAM 32位消息参数 int 
BYTE 字节 byte WPARAM 32位消息参数 int 


 

 

 

BOOL=System.Int32
BOOLEAN=System.Int32
BYTE=System.UInt16
CHAR=System.Int16
COLORREF=System.UInt32
DWORD=System.UInt32
DWORD32=System.UInt32
DWORD64=System.UInt64
FLOAT=System.Float
HACCEL=System.IntPtr
HANDLE=System.IntPtr
HBITMAP=System.IntPtr
HBRUSH=System.IntPtr
HCONV=System.IntPtr
HCONVLIST=System.IntPtr
HCURSOR=System.IntPtr
HDC=System.IntPtr
HDDEDATA=System.IntPtr
HDESK=System.IntPtr
HDROP=System.IntPtr
HDWP=System.IntPtr
HENHMETAFILE=System.IntPtr
HFILE=System.IntPtr
HFONT=System.IntPtr
HGDIOBJ=System.IntPtr
HGLOBAL=System.IntPtr
HHOOK=System.IntPtr
HICON=System.IntPtr
HIMAGELIST=System.IntPtr
HIMC=System.IntPtr
HINSTANCE=System.IntPtr
HKEY=System.IntPtr
HLOCAL=System.IntPtr
HMENU=System.IntPtr
HMETAFILE=System.IntPtr
HMODULE=System.IntPtr
HMONITOR=System.IntPtr
HPALETTE=System.IntPtr
HPEN=System.IntPtr
HRGN=System.IntPtr
HRSRC=System.IntPtr
HSZ=System.IntPtr
HWINSTA=System.IntPtr
HWND=System.IntPtr
INT=System.Int32
INT32=System.Int32
INT64=System.Int64
LONG=System.Int32
LONG32=System.Int32
LONG64=System.Int64
LONGLONG=System.Int64
LPARAM=System.IntPtr
LPBOOL=System.Int16[]
LPBYTE=System.UInt16[]
LPCOLORREF=System.UInt32[]
LPCSTR=System.String
LPCTSTR=System.String
LPCVOID=System.UInt32
LPCWSTR=System.String
LPDWORD=System.UInt32[]
LPHANDLE=System.UInt32
LPINT=System.Int32[]
LPLONG=System.Int32[]
LPSTR=System.String
LPTSTR=System.String
LPVOID=System.UInt32
LPWORD=System.Int32[]
LPWSTR=System.String
LRESULT=System.IntPtr
PBOOL=System.Int16[]
PBOOLEAN=System.Int16[]
PBYTE=System.UInt16[]
PCHAR=System.Char[]
PCSTR=System.String
PCTSTR=System.String
PCWCH=System.UInt32
PCWSTR=System.UInt32
PDWORD=System.Int32[]
PFLOAT=System.Float[]
PHANDLE=System.UInt32
PHKEY=System.UInt32
PINT=System.Int32[]
PLCID=System.UInt32
PLONG=System.Int32[]
PLUID=System.UInt32
PSHORT=System.Int16[]
PSTR=System.String
PTBYTE=System.Char[]
PTCHAR=System.Char[]
PTSTR=System.String
PUCHAR=System.Char[]
PUINT=System.UInt32[]
PULONG=System.UInt32[]
PUSHORT=System.UInt16[]
PVOID=System.UInt32
PWCHAR=System.Char[]
PWORD=System.Int16[]
PWSTR=System.String
REGSAM=System.UInt32
SC_HANDLE=System.IntPtr
SC_LOCK=System.IntPtr
SHORT=System.Int16
SIZE_T=System.UInt32
SSIZE_=System.UInt32
TBYTE=System.Char
TCHAR=System.Char
UCHAR=System.Byte
UINT=System.UInt32
UINT32=System.UInt32
UINT64=System.UInt64
ULONG=System.UInt32
ULONG32=System.UInt32
ULONG64=System.UInt64
ULONGLONG=System.UInt64
USHORT=System.UInt16
WORD=System.UInt16
WPARAM=System.IntPtr

<---------补充----------->

Wtypes.h 中的非托管类型    非托管C 语言类型    托管类名       说明 
HANDLE                        void*                   System.IntPtr  32 位 
BYTE                            unsigned char       System.Byte    8 位 
SHORT                         short                    System.Int16   16 位 
WORD                          unsigned short      System.UInt16  16 位 
INT                               int                       System.Int32   32 位 
UINT                             unsigned int         System.UInt32  32 位 
LONG                            long                    System.Int32   32 位 
BOOL                            long                    System.Int32   32 位 
DWORD                        unsigned long       System.UInt32  32 位 
ULONG                          unsigned long      System.UInt32  32 位 
CHAR                            char                    System.Char    用 ANSI 修饰。 
LPSTR                           char*                  System.String 或 System.StringBuilder 用 ANSI 修饰。 
LPCSTR                         Const char*         System.String 或 System.StringBuilder 用 ANSI 修饰。 
LPWSTR                        wchar_t*             System.String 或 System.StringBuilder 用 Unicode 修饰。 
LPCWSTR                      Const wchar_t*    System.String 或 System.StringBuilder 用 Unicode 修饰。 
FLOAT                           Float                    System.Single 32 位 
DOUBLE                        Double                 System.Double 64 位 

 

 

C/C++中的结构类型数据在C#下的转换

 
在做项目移植的时候，经常会碰到数据类型的转换，而我这一次碰到的是C/C++中的结构怎样转换到C#。折腾了一个晚上终于有一个完美的方案。
例如我们在C/C++下的结构数据如下：
typedef struct 
{
    char sLibName[ 256 ];
    char sPathToLibrary[ 256 ];
    INT32        iEntries;
    INT32        iUsed;
    UINT16    iSort;
    UINT16    iVersion;
    BOOLEAN    fContainsSubDirectories;
    INT32        iReserved;
} LIBHEADER;
我们想把它转成C#下的结构类型如下：
    public struct LIBHEADER
    {
        public char[] sLibName;
        public char[] sPathToLibrary;
        public Int32 iEntries;
        public Int32 iUsed;
        public UInt16 iSort;
        public UInt16 iVersion;
        public Boolean fContainsSubDirectories;
        public Int32 iReserved;
    }
看上去好像没问题了，呵呵呵，其实这样是不行的，我们得再给C#编译器一些信息，告诉它一些字符数组的大小。然后它们在C#下面长得样子就变成这样：
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct LIBHEADER
    {
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 256)]
        public char[] sLibName;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 256)]
        public char[] sPathToLibrary;
        public Int32 iEntries;
        public Int32 iUsed;
        public UInt16 iSort;
        public UInt16 iVersion;
        public Boolean fContainsSubDirectories;
        public Int32 iReserved;
    }
然后写一个函数负责转换。
public StructType ConverBytesToStructure<StructType>(byte[] bytesBuffer)
        {
            // 检查长度。
            if (bytesBuffer.Length != Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(StructType)))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("bytesBuffer参数和structObject参数字节长度不一致。");
            }

            IntPtr bufferHandler = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(bytesBuffer.Length);
            for (int index = 0; index < bytesBuffer.Length; index++)
            {
                Marshal.WriteByte(bufferHandler, index, bytesBuffer[index]);
            }
            StructType structObject = (StructType)Marshal.PtrToStructure(bufferHandler, typeof(StructType));
            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(bufferHandler);
            return structObject;
        }
然后我们的函数用例是这样：
    FileStream file = File.OpenRead(@"D:\Jagged Alliance 2 Gold\INSTALL.LOG");
    byte[] buffer = new byte[Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(LIBHEADER))];
    file.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
    LIBHEADER testValue = CommonTools.ConverBytesToStructure<LIBHEADER>(buffer);
string libName = new string(testValue.sLibName);
string pathToLibrary= new string(testValue.sPathToLibrary);
OK,搞定。
如果想去掉后面两句的char数组的转换哪代码如下
C#中的结构代码
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi)]
    public struct LIBHEADER
    {
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 256)]
        public string sLibName;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 256)]
        public string sPathToLibrary;
        public Int32 iEntries;
        public Int32 iUsed;
        public UInt16 iSort;
        public UInt16 iVersion;
        public Boolean fContainsSubDirectories;
        public Int32 iReserved;
    }
其它代码不用作修改便可使用。