iOS架构模式MVC、MVP、MVVM（内附demo）

时间：2022-12-25 21:15:11

MVC

MVC的实现思路是：用户操作View，在Controller层完成业务逻辑处理，更新Model层，将数据显示在View层。
在MVC中，每个层之间都有关联，耦合比较紧，在大型项目中，维护起来比较费力。
View把控制权交给Controller层，自己不执行业务逻辑；Controller层执行业务逻辑并且操作Model层，但不会直接操作View层；View和Model层的同步消息是通过观察者模式进行，而同步操作是由View层自己请求Model层的数据，然后对视图进行更新，观察者模式可以做到多视图同时更新。

MVC结构如图所示：
iOS架构模式MVC、MVP、MVVM（内附demo）

模型层：
Person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *firstName;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *lastName;

- (instancetype)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName;

@end

Person.m

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

- (instancetype)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
        _firstName = firstName;
        _lastName = lastName;
    }
return self;
}

@end

视图层：
TestView.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface TestView : UIView

@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *nameLabel;

@end

TestView.m

#import "TestView.h"

@implementation TestView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
if (self) {
self.nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:self.bounds];
self.nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
        [self addSubview:self.nameLabel];
    }
return self;
}

@end

控制器层：
ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Person.h"
#import "TestView.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) Person *personModel;
@property (nonatomic, strong) TestView *testView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self setupViews];

if (self.personModel.firstName.length > 0) {
self.testView.nameLabel.text = self.personModel.firstName;
    } else {
self.testView.nameLabel.text = self.personModel.lastName;
    }

}

- (void)setupViews {
self.personModel = [[Person alloc] initWithFirstName:@"" lastName:@"胡歌"];
self.testView = [[TestView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, CGRectGetWidth(self.view.bounds)-200, 50)];
    [self.view addSubview:self.testView];
}

@end

MVP

MVP的实现思路是：用户操作View，在Presenter层完成业务逻辑处理，更新Model层，通过Presenter将数据显示在View层，完全隔断Model和View之间的通信。
我们通过接口的方式来连接view和presenter层，这样导致的问题是，如果页面过于复杂，我们的接口就会很多，为了更好的处理类似的问题，需要定义一些基类接口，把一些公共的逻辑，比如网络请求，toast，提示框等放在里面。
因为MVP不依赖Model，所以可以更好的进行组件化，把它从特定的场景中脱离出来，做到高度复用。MVP中的Presenter更多的作为框架的控制者，承担了大量的逻辑操作。

MVP结构如图：
iOS架构模式MVC、MVP、MVVM（内附demo）

模型层：
Person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *firstName;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *lastName;

- (instancetype)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName;

@end

Person.m

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

- (instancetype)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
        _firstName = firstName;
        _lastName = lastName;
    }
return self;
}

@end

视图层：
TestView.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface TestView : UIView

@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *nameLabel;

@end

TestView.m

#import "TestView.h"

@implementation TestView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
if (self) {
self.nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:self.bounds];
self.nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
        [self addSubview:self.nameLabel];
    }
return self;
}

@end

Presenter层：
PersonViewProtocol.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@protocol PersonViewProtocol <NSObject>

- (void)setNameText:(NSString *)nameText;

@end

Presenter.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "PersonViewProtocol.h"

@interface Presenter : NSObject

- (void)attachView:(id <PersonViewProtocol>)view;

- (void)fetchData;

@end

Presenter.m

#import "Presenter.h"
#import "Person.h"

@interface Presenter()

@property (nonatomic, strong) Person *person;
@property (nonatomic, weak) id<PersonViewProtocol> attachView;

@end

@implementation Presenter

- (void)attachView:(id<PersonViewProtocol>)view {
self.attachView = view;
}

- (void)fetchData {
self.person = [[Person alloc] initWithFirstName:@"赵丽颖" lastName:@"胡歌"];
if (self.person.firstName.length > 0) {
        [self.attachView setNameText:self.person.firstName];
    } else {
        [self.attachView setNameText:self.person.lastName];
    }
}

@end

ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "PersonViewProtocol.h"
#import "Presenter.h"
#import "TestView.h"

@interface ViewController ()<PersonViewProtocol>

@property (nonatomic, strong) TestView *testView;
@property (nonatomic, strong) Presenter *presenter;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self setupViews];

self.presenter = [Presenter new];
    [self.presenter attachView:self];
    [self.presenter fetchData];
}

- (void)setupViews {
self.testView = [[TestView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, CGRectGetWidth(self.view.bounds)-200, 50)];
    [self.view addSubview:self.testView];

}

#pragma PersonViewProtocol
- (void)setNameText:(NSString *)nameText {
self.testView.nameLabel.text = nameText;
}

@end

MVVM

MVVM和MVP的最大区别是采用了双向绑定机制，View的变动，自动反映在ViewModel上。
MVVM结构如图：
iOS架构模式MVC、MVP、MVVM（内附demo）

模型层：
Person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *firstName;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *lastName;

- (instancetype)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName;

@end

Person.m

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

- (instancetype)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
        _firstName = firstName;
        _lastName = lastName;
    }
return self;
}

@end

视图层：
TestView.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface TestView : UIView

@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *nameLabel;

@end

TestView.m

#import "TestView.h"

@implementation TestView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
if (self) {
self.nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:self.bounds];
self.nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
        [self addSubview:self.nameLabel];
    }
return self;
}

@end

ViewModel层：
PersonViewModel.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"

@interface PersonViewModel : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, readonly) Person *person;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *nameText;

- (instancetype)initWithPerson:(Person *)person;

@end

PersonViewModel.m

#import "PersonViewModel.h"

@implementation PersonViewModel

- (instancetype)initWithPerson:(Person *)person {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
        _person = person;
if (_person.firstName.length > 0) {
            _nameText = _person.firstName;
        } else {
            _nameText = _person.lastName;
        }
    }
return self;
}

@end

ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "PersonViewModel.h"
#import "TestView.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) TestView *testView;
@property (nonatomic, strong) PersonViewModel *viewModel;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self setupViews];

self.testView.nameLabel.text = self.viewModel.nameText;

}

- (void)setupViews {
    Person *person = [[Person alloc] initWithFirstName:@"" lastName:@"胡歌"];
self.viewModel = [[PersonViewModel alloc] initWithPerson:person];
self.testView = [[TestView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, CGRectGetWidth(self.view.bounds)-200, 50)];
    [self.view addSubview:self.testView];
}

@end

(MVC、MVP、MVVM)Demo下载
密码：pmv6

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