通信过程中一般都需要提前定义好通信协议,TCP中亦是如此。
我们编写计算器的例子,定义好应用层协议:
1.客户端连接到服务器端后以1字节整数形式传递待算数字个数;
2.客户端向服务器端传递的每个整数型数据占用4字节;
3.传递完数据后,接着1个字节运算符;
4.选择字符+,-,*,/;
5.服务器以4字节整数型向客户端传回运算结果;
6.客户端得到运算结果后终止与服务器端的连接。
Server端代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
#define OPSZ 4
void error_handling(char *message);
int calculate(int opnum,int opnds[],char oprator);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
int serv_sock;
int clnt_sock;
char opinfo[BUF_SIZE];
int result,opnd_cnt,i;
int recv_cnt,recv_len;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;
socklen_t clnt_addr_sz;
if(argc != 2){
printf("Usage : %s <port>\n",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
serv_sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(serv_sock == -1){
error_handling("socket() error");
}
memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));
if(bind(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1){
error_handling("bind() error");
}
if(listen(serv_sock,5) == -1){
error_handling("listen() error");
}
clnt_addr_sz = sizeof(clnt_addr);
for(i=0;i<5;i++){
opnd_cnt = 0;
clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr *)&clnt_addr,&clnt_addr_sz);
read(clnt_sock,&opnd_cnt,1);
recv_len = 0;
while((opnd_cnt*OPSZ+1)>recv_len){
recv_cnt = read(clnt_sock,&opinfo[recv_len],BUF_SIZE-1);
recv_len += recv_cnt;
}
result = calculate(opnd_cnt,(int *)opinfo,opinfo[recv_len-1]);
write(clnt_sock,(char *)&result,sizeof(result));
close(clnt_sock);
}
close(serv_sock);
return 0;
}
int calculate(int opnum,int opnds[],char op){
int result = opnds[0],i;
switch(op){
case '+':
for(i=1;i<opnum;i++) result +=opnds[i];
break;
case '-':
for(i=1;i<opnum;i++) result -= opnds[i];
break;
case '*':
for(i=1;i<opnum;i++) result *= opnds[i];
break;
}
return result;
}
void error_handling(char *message){
fputs(message,stderr);
fputs("\n",stderr);
exit(1);
}
Client端代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
#define RLT_SIZE 4
#define OPSZ 4
void error_handling(char *message);
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
int sock;
char opmsg[BUF_SIZE];
int result,opnd_cnt,i;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
if(argc != 3){
printf("Usage : %s <IP> <port>\n",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sock == -1){
error_handling("socket() error");
}
memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1){
error_handling("connect() error\r\n");
}else{
printf("Connected....");
}
fputs("Operand count: ",stdout);
scanf("%d",&opnd_cnt);
opmsg[0] = (char)opnd_cnt;
for(i=0;i<opnd_cnt;i++){
printf("Operand %d: ",i+1);
scanf("%d",(int *)&opmsg[i*OPSZ+1]);
}
fgetc(stdin); //end char
fputs("Operator: ",stdout);
scanf("%c",&opmsg[opnd_cnt*OPSZ+1]);
write(sock,opmsg,opnd_cnt*OPSZ+2);
read(sock,&result,RLT_SIZE);
printf("Operation result:%d \n",result);
close(sock);
return 0;
}
void error_handling(char *message){
fputs(message,stderr);
fputs("\n",stderr);
exit(1);
}
Server端执行结果:
alex@alex-VirtualBox:~/Share/Test/tcpip$ ./op_server 9190
Client执行结果:
alex@alex-VirtualBox:~/Share/Test/tcpip$ ./op_client 127.0.0.1 9190
Connected....Operand count: 3
Operand 1: 123
Operand 2: 123
Operand 3: 234
Operator: +
Operation result:480
应用层可以定义好对应的结构体,会更加直观。