上一篇介绍了guava的使用,实现了项目第一个需求定期清理cache数据,第二个需求,我们需要在缓存被移除的时候,得到通知产生回调,并做一些额外处理工作。这个时候RemovalListener就派上用场了。
下面是获得所有数据改变的监听
- public class Main {
- // 创建一个监听器
- private static class MyRemovalListener implements RemovalListener<Integer, Integer> {
- @Override
- public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<Integer, Integer> notification) {
- String tips = String.format("key=%s,value=%s,reason=%s", notification.getKey(), notification.getValue(), notification.getCause());
- System.out.println(tips);
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 创建一个带有RemovalListener监听的缓存
- Cache<Integer, Integer> cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().removalListener(new MyRemovalListener()).build();
- cache.put(1, 1);
- // 手动清除
- cache.invalidate(1);
- System.out.println(cache.getIfPresent(1)); // null
- }
- }
使用invalidate()清除缓存数据之后,注册的回调被触发了。
下面是只有主动删除数据使的回调
public class CacheConnection {
public static RemovalListener<String, Connection> myRemovalListener = new RemovalListener<String, Connection>(){
@Override
public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<String, Connection> notification) {
String tips = String.format("key=%s,value=%s,reason=%s in myRemovalListener", notification.getKey(), notification.getValue(), notification.getCause());
System.out.println(tips);
//when expireAfterAccess to do
if (notification.getCause().equals("EXPIRED") && notification.getValue() != null) {
try {
notification.getValue().close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.printf("Exception in myRemovalListener:\n");
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.printf("Remove %s in cacheConnection", notification.getKey());
}
}
};
public static Cache<String, Connection> cacheConnection = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
//设置cache的初始大小为20000,要合理设置该值
.initialCapacity(20000)
//设置并发数为5,即同一时间最多只能有5个线程往cache执行写入操作
.concurrencyLevel(100)
//设置cache中的数据在600秒没有被读写将自动删除
.expireAfterAccess(600, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//设置监听,当出现自动删除时的回调
.removalListener(myRemovalListener)
//构建cache实例
.build();
public static Connection getCache(String key) {
try {
Connection var = cacheConnection.getIfPresent(key);
return var;
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
System.out.println("the value of cacheConnection is null");
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public static void putCache(String key, Connection value) {
cacheConnection.put(key, value);
}
}
RemovalNotification中包含了缓存的key、value以及被移除的原因RemovalCause。通过源码可以看出,移除原因与容量管理方式是相对应的。下面是具体的消息
- public enum RemovalCause {
- /**
- * The entry was manually removed by the user. This can result from the user invoking
- * {@link Cache#invalidate}, {@link Cache#invalidateAll(Iterable)}, {@link Cache#invalidateAll()},
- * {@link Map#remove}, {@link ConcurrentMap#remove}, or {@link Iterator#remove}.
- */
- EXPLICIT {
- @Override
- boolean wasEvicted() {
- return false;
- }
- },
- /**
- * The entry itself was not actually removed, but its value was replaced by the user. This can
- * result from the user invoking {@link Cache#put}, {@link LoadingCache#refresh}, {@link Map#put},
- * {@link Map#putAll}, {@link ConcurrentMap#replace(Object, Object)}, or
- * {@link ConcurrentMap#replace(Object, Object, Object)}.
- */
- REPLACED {
- @Override
- boolean wasEvicted() {
- return false;
- }
- },
- /**
- * The entry was removed automatically because its key or value was garbage-collected. This
- * can occur when using {@link CacheBuilder#weakKeys}, {@link CacheBuilder#weakValues}, or
- * {@link CacheBuilder#softValues}.
- */
- COLLECTED {
- @Override
- boolean wasEvicted() {
- return true;
- }
- },
- /**
- * The entry's expiration timestamp has passed. This can occur when using
- * {@link CacheBuilder#expireAfterWrite} or {@link CacheBuilder#expireAfterAccess}.
- */
- EXPIRED {
- @Override
- boolean wasEvicted() {
- return true;
- }
- },
- /**
- * The entry was evicted due to size constraints. This can occur when using
- * {@link CacheBuilder#maximumSize} or {@link CacheBuilder#maximumWeight}.
- */
- SIZE {
- @Override
- boolean wasEvicted() {
- return true;
- }
- };
- /**
- * Returns {@code true} if there was an automatic removal due to eviction (the cause is neither
- * {@link #EXPLICIT} nor {@link #REPLACED}).
- */
- abstract boolean wasEvicted();
- }
监听器使用很简单,有几个特点需要注意下:
1、默认情况下,监听器方法是被同步调用的(在移除缓存的那个线程中执行)。如果监听器方法比较耗时,会导致调用者线程阻塞时间变长。下面这段代码,由于监听器执行需要2s,所以main线程调用invalidate()要2s后才能返回。
- public class Main {
- // 创建一个监听器
- private static class MyRemovalListener implements RemovalListener<Integer, Integer> {
- @Override
- public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<Integer, Integer> notification) {
- String tips = String.format("key=%s,value=%s,reason=%s", notification.getKey(), notification.getValue(), notification.getCause());
- System.out.println(tips);
- try {
- // 模拟耗时
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 创建一个带有RemovalListener监听的缓存
- final Cache<Integer, Integer> cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().removalListener(new MyRemovalListener()).build();
- cache.put(1, 1);
- cache.put(2, 2);
- System.out.println("main...begin.");
- cache.invalidate(1);// 耗时2s
- System.out.println("main...over.");
- }
- }
解决这个问题的方法是:使用异步监听RemovalListeners.asynchronous(RemovalListener, Executor)。
- public class Main {
- // 创建一个监听器
- private static class MyRemovalListener implements RemovalListener<Integer, Integer> {
- @Override
- public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<Integer, Integer> notification) {
- String tips = String.format("key=%s,value=%s,reason=%s", notification.getKey(), notification.getValue(), notification.getCause());
- System.out.println(tips);
- try {
- // 模拟耗时
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- RemovalListener<Integer, Integer> async = RemovalListeners.asynchronous(new MyRemovalListener(), Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor());
- // 创建一个带有RemovalListener监听的缓存
- final Cache<Integer, Integer> cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().removalListener(async).build();
- cache.put(1, 1);
- cache.put(2, 2);
- System.out.println("main...begin.");
- cache.invalidate(1);// main线程立刻返回
- System.out.println("main...over.");
- }
- }
- public class Main {
- // 创建一个监听器
- private static class MyRemovalListener implements RemovalListener<Integer, Integer> {
- @Override
- public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<Integer, Integer> notification) {
- String tips = String.format("key=%s,value=%s,reason=%s", notification.getKey(), notification.getValue(), notification.getCause());
- System.out.println(tips);
- try {
- // 模拟耗时
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println("process over.");
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 创建一个带有RemovalListener监听的缓存
- final Cache<Integer, Integer> cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().removalListener(new MyRemovalListener()).build();
- cache.put(1, 1);
- cache.put(2, 2);
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("thread1...trigger RemovalListener begin.");
- cache.invalidate(1);
- System.out.println("thread1...trigger RemovalListener over.");
- }
- }).start();
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("thread2...trigger RemovalListener begin.");
- cache.invalidate(2);
- System.out.println("thread2...trigger RemovalListener over.");
- }
- }).start();
- }
- }
- public class Main {
- // 创建一个监听器
- private static class MyRemovalListener implements RemovalListener<Integer, Integer> {
- @Override
- public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<Integer, Integer> notification) {
- String tips = String.format("key=%s,value=%s,reason=%s", notification.getKey(), notification.getValue(), notification.getCause());
- System.out.println(tips);
- throw new RuntimeException();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 创建一个带有RemovalListener监听的缓存
- final Cache<Integer, Integer> cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().removalListener(new MyRemovalListener()).build();
- cache.put(1, 1);
- cache.put(2, 2);
- cache.invalidate(1);
- cache.invalidate(2);
- }
- }