.aligncenter { clear: both; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }
.crayon-line span::after { content: " " }
p { font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em }
#colorbox.crayon-colorbox,#cboxOverlay.crayon-colorbox,.crayon-colorbox #cboxWrapper { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 9999; overflow: hidden }
#cboxOverlay.crayon-colorbox { position: fixed; width: 100%; height: 100% }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxMiddleLeft,.crayon-colorbox #cboxBottomLeft { clear: left }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxContent { position: relative }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxLoadedContent { overflow: auto }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxTitle { display: none !important }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxLoadingOverlay,.crayon-colorbox #cboxLoadingGraphic { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100% }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxPrevious,.crayon-colorbox #cboxNext,.crayon-colorbox #cboxClose,.crayon-colorbox #cboxSlideshow { cursor: pointer }
.crayon-colorbox .cboxPhoto { float: left; margin: auto; border: 0; display: block; max-width: none }
.crayon-colorbox .cboxIframe { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; border: 0 }
#colorbox.crayon-colorbox,.crayon-colorbox #cboxContent,.crayon-colorbox #cboxLoadedContent { }
#cboxOverlay.crayon-colorbox { background: #000 }
#colorbox.crayon-colorbox { outline: 0 }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxContent { margin-top: 20px; background: #000 }
.crayon-colorbox .cboxIframe { background: #fff }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxError { padding: 50px; border: 1px solid #ccc }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxLoadedContent { border: 5px solid #000; background: #fff }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxTitle { position: absolute; top: -20px; left: 0; color: #ccc }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxCurrent { position: absolute; top: -20px; right: 0; color: #ccc }
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.crayon-colorbox #cboxPrevious:active,.crayon-colorbox #cboxNext:active,.crayon-colorbox #cboxSlideshow:active,.crayon-colorbox #cboxClose:active { outline: 0 }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxSlideshow { position: absolute; top: -20px; right: 90px; color: #fff }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxContent { margin-top: 0 }
.crayon-colorbox #cboxLoadedContent { border: 0 }
#crayon-main-wrap .form-table th { width: 100px }
#crayon-log { display: none; max-height: 200px; border-color: #dfdfdf; background-color: white; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; margin: 1px; padding: 3px; overflow: auto; white-space: pre; margin-bottom: 5px }
.crayon-span,.crayon-span-5,.crayon-span-10,.crayon-span-50,.crayon-span-100,.crayon-span-110 { line-height: 24px; display: inline-block }
.crayon-span-5 { min-width: 5px }
.crayon-span-10 { min-width: 10px }
.crayon-span-50 { min-width: 50px }
.crayon-span-100 { min-width: 100px }
.crayon-span-110 { min-width: 117px }
.crayon-span-margin { margin-left: 5px }
#height_mode,#width_mode { min-width: 65px }
.crayon-error { color: #F00 }
.crayon-success { color: #00F }
.crayon-warning { color: #ff8000 }
.crayon-help { min-height: 30px; padding: 5px 10px }
.crayon-help .crayon-help-close,.crayon-help .crayon-help-close:active,.crayon-help .crayon-help-close:hover { text-decoration: none; float: right; color: #000 }
.crayon-help span,.crayon-help a { margin: 0; padding: 0; font-size: 12px }
#crayon-log-text { font: 11px/13px Monaco, "MonacoRegular", "Courier New", monospace }
#crayon-log-controls { float: left; margin-right: 5px }
.crayon-table { font-size: 12px; border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-top: 12px }
.crayon-table td { vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0 6px; margin: 0; background: #EEE }
.crayon-table-light td { background: #f8f8f8 }
.crayon-table-header td { font-weight: bold; background: #CCC }
.crayon-table-last td,.crayon-table tr:last-child td { border: 0 }
#lang-info div { padding: 5px 0 }
.crayon-table .not-parsed { color: #F00 }
.crayon-table .parsed-with-errors { color: #f90 }
.crayon-table .successfully-parsed { color: #77a000 }
#crayon-live-preview,#crayon-log-wrapper { padding: 0; width: 100%; float: left; clear: both }
#crayon-live-preview { float: none; padding: 0 }
#crayon-logo { text-align: center }
#crayon-info,#crayon-info td { border: 0; padding: 0 5px; margin: 0 }
.crayon-admin-button { display: inline-block; text-align: center }
#crayon-subsection-langs-info { margin-top: 5px }
#crayon-theme-editor-admin-buttons { display: inline }
#crayon-theme-editor-admin-buttons .crayon-admin-button { margin-left: 5px }
#crayon-theme-info { display: table; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-top: 5px }
#crayon-theme-info>div { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle }
#crayon-theme-info .content * { float: left }
#crayon-theme-info .field { font-weight: bold }
#crayon-theme-info .field,#crayon-theme-info .value { margin-left: 5px }
#crayon-theme-info .description.value { font-style: italic; color: #999 }
#crayon-theme-info .type { text-align: center; min-width: 120px; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; padding-right: 5px }
#crayon-theme-info .type.stock { color: #666 }
#crayon-theme-info .type.user { color: #5b9a00 }
#crayon-editor-table td { vertical-align: top }
.small-icon { width: 24px; height: 24px; display: inline-block; margin: 5px 5px 0 0 }
#twitter-icon { background: url("../images/twitter.png") }
#gmail-icon { background: url("../images/google.png") }
#docs-icon { background: url("../images/docs.png") }
#git-icon { background: url("../images/github.png") }
#wp-icon { background: url("../images/wordpress-blue.png") }
#donate-icon { background: url("../images/donate.png"); width: 75px }
#crayon-donate,#crayon-donate input { margin: 0; display: inline; padding: 0 }
#crayon-theme-editor-info a { text-decoration: none !important; font-style: italic !important; color: #666 !important }
#crayon-main-wrap .form-table .note { font-style: italic; color: #999 }
#crayon-change-code-text { width: 400px; height: 300px }
.crayon-syntax { overflow: hidden !important; position: relative !important; text-align: left; direction: ltr !important }
.crayon-syntax div { background: 0; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; text-align: left }
.crayon-syntax.crayon-loading { visibility: hidden }
.crayon-syntax,.crayon-syntax .crayon-main,.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar,.crayon-syntax .crayon-info,.crayon-syntax .crayon-plain,.crayon-syntax .crayon-code { width: 100% }
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.crayon-syntax,.crayon-syntax .crayon-main,.crayon-syntax .crayon-plain,.crayon-syntax .crayon-table { padding: 0; margin: 0 }
.crayon-syntax-inline { margin: 0 2px; padding: 0 2px }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-table { border: none !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; margin-top: 0 !important; margin-right: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; width: auto !important; border-spacing: 0 !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; table-layout: auto !important }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-table td,.crayon-syntax .crayon-table tr { padding: 0 !important; border: none !important; background: 0; vertical-align: top !important; margin: 0 !important }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-invisible { display: none !important }
.crayon-plain-tag { margin-bottom: 12px }
.crayon-popup .crayon-plain { display: block !important; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; opacity: 100 !important; position: relative !important }
.crayon-popup-window { background: #fff }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-num { text-align: center; padding: 0 5px; margin: 0 }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar { position: relative; overflow: hidden; z-index: 4 }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-info { position: absolute; overflow: hidden; display: none; z-index: 3; padding: 0; min-height: 18px; line-height: 18px }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-info div { padding: 2px !important; text-align: center }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar span { padding: 0 4px !important }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar .crayon-button { display: inline; float: left !important; position: relative; width: 24px; background-repeat: no-repeat; line-height: 15px; border: 0; text-decoration: none }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button:hover,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-pressed:hover { background-position: 0 center }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-pressed,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button:active,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-pressed:active { background-position: -24px 0 }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-popup-button .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-popup-button:hover .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-popup-button.crayon-pressed:hover .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 0 }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-copy-button .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-copy-button:hover .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-copy-button.crayon-pressed:hover .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 -16px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-nums-button .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-nums-button:hover .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-nums-button.crayon-pressed:hover .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 -32px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-plain-button .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-plain-button:hover .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-plain-button.crayon-pressed:hover .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 -48px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-mixed-button .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-mixed-button:hover .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-mixed-button.crayon-pressed:hover .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 -64px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-minimize .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 -80px; background-color: transparent !important }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-expand-button .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-expand-button:hover .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-expand-button.crayon-pressed:hover .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 -96px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-wrap-button .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-wrap-button:hover .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-wrap-button.crayon-pressed:hover .crayon-button-icon { background-position: 0 -112px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-popup-button.crayon-pressed .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-popup-button:active .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-popup-button.crayon-pressed:active .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px 0 }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-copy-button.crayon-pressed .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-copy-button:active .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-copy-button.crayon-pressed:active .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px -16px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-nums-button.crayon-pressed .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-nums-button:active .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-nums-button.crayon-pressed:active .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px -32px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-plain-button.crayon-pressed .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-plain-button:active .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-plain-button.crayon-pressed:active .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px -48px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-mixed-button.crayon-pressed .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-mixed-button:active .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-mixed-button.crayon-pressed:active .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px -64px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-minimize .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px -80px; background-color: transparent !important }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-expand-button.crayon-pressed .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-expand-button:active .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-expand-button.crayon-pressed:active .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px -96px }
.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-wrap-button.crayon-pressed .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-wrap-button:active .crayon-button-icon,.crayon-toolbar .crayon-button.crayon-wrap-button.crayon-pressed:active .crayon-button-icon { background-position: -24px -112px }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar .crayon-language { padding-right: 8px !important }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-title,.crayon-syntax .crayon-language { float: left }
.crayon-main::-webkit-scrollbar,.crayon-plain::-webkit-scrollbar { height: 6px; overflow: visible; width: 6px; background: #EEE }
.crayon-main::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.crayon-plain::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #CCC; border: 1px solid #AAA; min-height: 8px; padding: 0; border-width: 1px }
.crayon-main::-webkit-scrollbar-button,.crayon-plain::-webkit-scrollbar-button { height: 0; width: 0; padding: 0 }
.crayon-main::-webkit-scrollbar-track,.crayon-plain::-webkit-scrollbar-track { border-width: 0 0 0 4px; border: 1px solid #BBB; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0 }
.crayon-main::-webkit-scrollbar-corner,.crayon-plain::-webkit-scrollbar-corner { background: #EEE }
.crayon-main::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,.crayon-plain::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #AAA; border: 1px solid #777 }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-pre,.crayon-syntax pre { color: #000; white-space: pre; margin: 0; padding: 0; overflow: visible; background: none !important; border: none !important }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-line { padding: 0 5px }
.crayon-syntax.crayon-wrapped .crayon-line { white-space: pre-wrap !important; height: auto }
.crayon-syntax-inline .crayon-pre,.crayon-syntax-inline pre { white-space: normal }
.crayon-syntax-inline-nowrap .crayon-pre,.crayon-syntax-inline-nowrap pre { white-space: pre }
.crayon-syntax { font-family: Monaco, "MonacoRegular", "Courier New", monospace; font-weight: 500 }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar *::selection,.crayon-syntax .crayon-nums *::selection { background: transparent }
.crayon-table .crayon-nums-content { white-space: nowrap }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-num,.crayon-syntax .crayon-pre .crayon-line,.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar *,.crayon-syntax .crayon-pre * { font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; height: inherit }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar .crayon-button .crayon-button-icon { background-image: url("../images/toolbar/buttons.png"); height: 16px !important; width: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 50%; margin-top: -8px }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-toolbar .crayon-tools { position: absolute; right: 0 }
.crayon-syntax.crayon-expanded { position: absolute !important; margin: 0 !important }
.crayon-syntax.crayon-expanded .crayon-main { overflow: hidden !important }
.crayon-placeholder { width: 100% !important }
.crayon-toolbar-visible .crayon-toolbar { position: relative !important; margin-top: 0 !important; display: block !important }
.crayon-syntax.crayon-expanded .crayon-toolbar .crayon-tools { position: relative; right: auto; float: left !important }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-plain-wrap { height: auto !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important }
.crayon-syntax .crayon-plain { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; opacity: 0; padding: 0 5px; margin: 0; border: 0; white-space: pre; overflow: auto; color: #000; background: #FFF }
.crayon-wrapped .crayon-plain { white-space: pre-wrap }
.bbp-body .crayon-syntax { clear: none !important }
.crayon-minimized .crayon-toolbar { cursor: pointer }
.crayon-minimized .crayon-plain-wrap,.crayon-minimized .crayon-main,.crayon-minimized .crayon-toolbar .crayon-tools * { display: none !important }
.crayon-minimized .crayon-toolbar .crayon-tools .crayon-minimize { display: block !important }
.crayon-minimized .crayon-toolbar { position: relative !important }
.crayon-syntax.crayon-minimized .crayon-toolbar { border-bottom: none !important }
.crayon-te *,#crayon-te-bar-content { font-family: "Lucida Grande", Arial, sans-serif !important; font-size: 12px }
.crayon-te input[type="text"],.crayon-te textarea { background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #CCC; padding: 2px 4px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid }
.crayon-te #crayon-code { font-family: monospace !important }
#crayon-te-content,#crayon-te-table { width: 100%; height: auto !important }
#crayon-range,#crayon-mark { width: 100px }
#crayon-te-table th,#crayon-te-table td { vertical-align: top; text-align: left }
.rtl #crayon-te-table th,.rtl #crayon-te-table td { text-align: right }
#crayon-te-table .crayon-tr-center td,#crayon-te-table .crayon-tr-center th { vertical-align: middle }
#crayon-te-table .crayon-nowrap { white-space: nowrap }
#crayon-te-bar { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100% }
#crayon-te-bar-content { border: 1px solid #666; border-bottom: 0; height: 26px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0 8px; padding-right: 0; background-color: #222; color: #cfcfcf }
#crayon-te-bar-content a { line-height: 25px; padding: 5px 10px; color: #DDD; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none !important }
#crayon-te-bar-content a:hover { color: #FFF }
.crayon-te-seperator { color: #666; margin: 0; padding: 0 }
#crayon-te-bar-block { height: 34px; width: 100% }
#crayon-te-title { float: left }
#crayon-te-controls { float: right }
#crayon-url-th { vertical-align: top !important; padding-top: 5px }
.crayon-te-heading { font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold }
#crayon-te-settings-info { text-align: center }
.crayon-te-section { font-weight: bold; padding: 0 10px }
#crayon-te-sub-section { margin-left: 10px }
#crayon-te-sub-section .crayon-te-section { font-weight: normal; padding: 0 }
#crayon-code { height: 200px; white-space: pre }
#crayon-code,#crayon-url { width: 555px !important }
.crayon-disabled { background: #EEE !important }
.qt_crayon_highlight { background-image: linear-gradient(bottom,#daf2ff,white) !important }
.qt_crayon_highlight:hover { background: #ddebf2 !important }
.crayon-tag-editor-button-wrapper { display: inline-block }
.mce_crayon_tinymce { padding: 0 !important; margin: 2px 3px !important }
.mce-i-crayon_tinymce,.mce_crayon_tinymce { background: url("../images/crayon_tinymce.png") 0 0 !important }
a.mce_crayon_tinymce { background-position: 2px 0 !important }
.wp_themeSkin .mceButtonEnabled:hover span.mce_crayon_tinymce,.wp_themeSkin .mceButtonActive span.mce_crayon_tinymce { background-position: -20px 0 }
.wp_themeSkin span.mce_crayon_tinymce { background: none !important }
#crayon-te-table { margin-top: 26px; padding: 10px; border-collapse: separate !important; border-spacing: 2px !important }
#crayon-te-table th { width: 100px }
#crayon-te-clear { color: #666; background-color: #f4f4f4; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-left: 8px }
#crayon-title { width: 360px }
#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax { overflow: auto !important }
#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax,#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax #TB_ajaxContent,#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax #TB_title { width: 680px !important }
#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax #TB_ajaxContent { padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; margin-top: 28px !important }
#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax #TB_title { position: fixed !important }
#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax #TB_title .crayon-te-submit { margin-top: 3px !important; float: right !important }
#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax a { color: #2587e2; text-decoration: none }
#TB_window.crayon-te-ajax a:hover { color: #499ce9 }
.crayon-te-quote { background: #DDD; padding: 0 2px }
#crayon-te-submit-wrapper { display: none }
#crayon-te-clear { display: none; margin: 0; margin-top: 10px }
.crayon-syntax-pre { background: red; white-space: pre; overflow: auto; display: block }
.crayon-question { padding: 1px 4px !important; text-decoration: none !important; color: #83b3cb !important; height: 15px !important; width: 15px !important }
.crayon-question:hover { background: #83b3cb !important; color: white !important; height: 15px !important; width: 15px !important }
.crayon-setting-changed,.crayon-setting-selected { background: #fffaad !important }
.crayon-question:hover { color: white; background: #a6d6ef }
#crayon-te-warning { display: none }
.crayon-te-info { padding: 5px !important; margin: 2px 0 !important }
#crayon-te-submit { margin-bottom: 5px }
.crayon-theme-github { margin-bottom: 25px !important; border: 1px solid #dedede !important; background-color: #f8f8ff !important; font-size: 100% !important; line-height: 130% !important }
.crayon-theme-github .crayon-toolbar { border-bottom: 1px solid #dedede !important; background-color: #eee !important }
.crayon-theme-github .crayon-toolbar .crayon-language,.crayon-theme-github .crayon-toolbar .crayon-title { font-size: 80% !important; color: #666 !important }
.crayon-theme-github .crayon-table .crayon-nums { background-color: #eee !important }
.crayon-theme-github .crayon-table .crayon-nums-content { padding-top: 5px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important }
.crayon-theme-github .crayon-table .crayon-num { min-width: 1.2em !important; border-right: 1px solid #dedede !important; text-align: right !important; color: #aaa !important }
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什么是页面卡顿?如下:
当拖动页面或者滚动的时候页面一卡一卡的,看起来不连贯,我们就说页面卡了,这是一种非常不友好的体验,怎么衡量页面卡顿的情况呢?
1. 失帧和帧率FPS
如果你家里买了电视盒的话,在设置里面应该会有一个输出设置:
上面选中的60Hz就是帧率(frame per second),即一秒钟60帧,换句话说,一秒钟的动画是由60幅静态图片连在一起形成的。60fps是动画播放比较理想、比较基础的要求。当然如果你的显卡要是连这个都支持不了的话那就没办法了。windows系统有个刷新频率也是这个意思。
所以卡了,就是失帧了,或者掉帧了,1秒钟没有60个画面,看起来不连贯了。这可能是因为在渲染某些帧所花的时间比较长,导致停留在这些帧的时间较长,所以画面停顿了。
2. 渲染流程
60fps就要求1帧的时间为1s / 60 = 16.67ms。浏览器显示页面的时候,要处理js逻辑,还要做渲染,每个执行片段不能超过16.67ms。实际上,浏览器内核自身支撑体系运行也需要消耗一些时间,所以留给我们的时间差不多只有10ms。这10ms里面需要做一些什么事情?在Chrome的开发者文档Rendering Performance里面提到这个流程:
首先你用js做了些逻辑,还触发了样式变化,style把应用的样式规则计算好之后,把影响到的页面元素进行重新布局,叫做layout,再把它画到内存的一个画布里面,paint成了像素,最后把这个画布刷到屏幕上去,叫做composite,形成一帧。
这几项的任何一项如果执行时间太长了,就会导致渲染这一帧的时间太长,平均帧率就会掉。假设这一帧花了50ms,那么此时的帧率就为1s / 50ms = 20fps.
当然上面的过程并不一定每一步都会执行,例如:
- 你的js只是做一些运算,并没有增删DOM或改变CSS,那么后续几步就不会执行
- style只改了颜色等不需要重新layout的属性就不用执行layout这一步
- style改了transform属性,在blink和edge浏览器里面不需要layout和paint,如下面css trigger的说明:
发生掉帧的时候,我们可以使用的Chrome的devtools的timeline来观察这个过程。以最开始的例子做说明。
3. 掉帧分析
打开timeline的标签,勾上js profile和paint这两个选项,然后点击左边的记录按钮:
在页面拖动地图,出现卡顿的情况后,点击关闭记录按钮,就会生成这次操作的详细过程,先看最上面的overview图:
最上面一栏是帧率,顶点表示60fps,红色方格表示渲染时间比较长的帧,Chrome把这种情况叫做jank。可以看到上面有3个比较大的低谷,这并不是异常的失帧,这是Chrome检测到页面没有动了,idle空闲了,自动降低帧率。第二栏是CPU,黄色的为script,紫色的是CSS,蓝色是html,可以看到往往script占了比较高的CPU。关于timeline更详细的说明,可以查看chrome的文档。
我们注意到在6s和8s中间CPU占用有一个比较大的峰值,并且失帧得比较厉害:
选中这段区域,进行放大查看:
可以看到有好几帧都超过了16.67ms,其中有一帧甚至达到了81.8ms,所以难怪卡得那么厉害。我们重点看一下这一帧里面发生了什么。
这一帧的FPS只有1s / 81.8ms = 12fps,点击第二个tab展开:
其中js的处理用掉了46.8ms(js里面还要更新dom),排第二的rendering花掉了22.9ms,这个rendering包括上面说的css计算和layout:
最后的Painting,时间还是比较少的,只花了2.5ms:
所以最长的开销是js脚本,并且很可能js里面做了很多dom操作或者改了很多css,导致Rendering的时间也很长。
由于在开始记录之前勾选了js profile的选项,所以可观察这些js执行的具体开销,包括调用的函数栈及每个函数的执行时间:
最上面那个函数是XHR Ready State Change触发的,也就是说这一整段代码都是在一个ajax的success回调函数里面执行的。再往下可以看到回调函数里面调用的最耗时的两个函数:
其一的showMapResut就花费了22.65ms,它又调了removeOldHouses和addNewHouses,这两个各自的时间约为11ms。
而另一个showResult的时间更多:
快40ms,它下面的doShowResut和resizeContainer最为耗时。
所以我们找到4个最为耗时的函数。那接下来怎么办呢?
上面已经提到,每一帧留给我们的时间只有10ms。所以可以考虑把上面那4个函数拆了,分别在4个连续的帧里面执行。这样应该会改善很多。
4. 拆分代码段
我们把代码拆成一个个单元,每个单元就是一个task任务,每一帧执行之前就去取一个task执行。并且控制每个task的执行时间都在10ms以内。这样就可以解决问题。js在渲染每一帧之前会去调requestAnimationFrame
(传一个函数的参数给它去执行)。所以用这一个api,并把task传给它。我们建立一个任务队列,为此封装一个Task类:
JavaScript
this.tasks = [];
}
//添加一个任务
Task.prototype.addTask = function(task){
this.tasks.push(task);
};
//每次重绘前取一个task执行
Task.prototype.draw = function(){
var that = this;
window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
var tasks = that.tasks;
if(tasks.length){
var task = tasks.shift();
task();
}
window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){that.draw.call(that)});
});
};
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functionTask(){
this.tasks=[];
}
//添加一个任务
Task.prototype.addTask=function(task){
this.tasks.push(task);
};
//每次重绘前取一个task执行
Task.prototype.draw=function(){
varthat=this;
window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
vartasks=that.tasks;
if(tasks.length){
vartask=tasks.shift();
task();
}
window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){that.draw.call(that)});
});
};
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使用的时候先new一个Task,然后调draw函数初始化。有任务的时候调addTask插到队尾,执行任务的时候调shift取出队头元素。
上面的实现其实有一点问题,因为requestAnimationFrame是全局的,每次new一个Task,进行draw的时候,会把上一个传给它的task给覆盖掉。但是这个是可以从代码层面上解决的,这里不展开讨论。
然后再封装一个mapTask的单例,存放map页面的task:
JavaScript
var mapTask = {
get: function(){
if(!aTask){
aTask = new Task();
aTask.draw();
}
return aTask;
},
add: function(task){
mapTask.get().addTask(task);
}
};
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varaTask=null;
varmapTask={
get:function(){
if(!aTask){
aTask=newTask();
aTask.draw();
}
returnaTask;
},
add:function(task){
mapTask.get().addTask(task);
}
};
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需要插入一个任务的时候就调一下mapTask.add,把上面4个十分耗时的函数分别当作一个任务插进去,下面是原本的执行逻辑:
JavaScript
var remainMultipleMarkers = null;
var housesFilter = null;
housesFilter = filterData.filterHouse(houses);
remainMultipleMarkers = filterData.removeOldHouses(housesFilter.remainsHouses);
housesFilter.newHouses = housesFilter.newHouses.concat(remainMultipleMarkers);
filterData.addNewHouses(housesFilter.newHouses);
},
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updateHouses:function(houses){
varremainMultipleMarkers=null;
varhousesFilter=null;
housesFilter=filterData.filterHouse(houses);
remainMultipleMarkers=filterData.removeOldHouses(housesFilter.remainsHouses);
housesFilter.newHouses=housesFilter.newHouses.concat(remainMultipleMarkers);
filterData.addNewHouses(housesFilter.newHouses);
},
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现在把它改成两个task,并加到任务队列里面:
JavaScript
housesFilter = filterData.filterHouse(houses);
remainMultipleMarkers = filterData.removeOldHouses(housesFilter.remainsHouses);
});
mapTask.add(function(){
housesFilter.newHouses = housesFilter.newHouses.concat(remainMultipleMarkers);
filterData.addNewHouses(housesFilter.newHouses);
});
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mapTask.add(function(){
housesFilter=filterData.filterHouse(houses);
remainMultipleMarkers=filterData.removeOldHouses(housesFilter.remainsHouses);
});
mapTask.add(function(){
housesFilter.newHouses=housesFilter.newHouses.concat(remainMultipleMarkers);
filterData.addNewHouses(housesFilter.newHouses);
});
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同样地,把另外两个也这样改一下。
然后再拖动地图,查看效果,会发现页面瞬间爽滑了好多:
当把页面拖快的时候还是会有一点卡顿,但是比之前已经好很多。这里还有优化的空间,例如后面两个函数的执行时间还是比较长,可以把这两个函数再继续拆分task。
看一下timeline:
可以看到4个task分别在4帧执行,并且Task3还有很大的优化空间。
除了拆分代码段的方法外,还有其它一些地方要注意:
5. 其它的优化方法
(1)尽量减少layout
获取scrollTop、clentWidth等维度属性时都会触发layout以获取实时的值,所以在for循环里面应该把这些值缓存一下。以下代码:
JavaScript
childs.style.width = node.offsetWidth + "px";
}
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for(vari=0;i<childs.length){
childs.style.width=node.offsetWidth+"px";
}
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应该改成:
JavaScript
for(var i = 0; i < childs.length){
childs.style.width = width + "px";
}
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varwidth=node.offsetWidth;
for(vari=0;i<childs.length){
childs.style.width=width+"px";
}
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当循环次数很多的时候,优化版的代码会明显提高性能。
获取一个元素的样式(getComputedStyle)时,也会触发layout
另外,能够使用transform满足要求的就别使用position/width/height做动画。
(2)简化DOM结构
当DOM结构越复杂时,需要重绘的元素也就越多。所以dom应该保持简单,特别是那些要做动画的,或者要监听scroll/mousemove事件的。另外使用flex比使用float在重绘方面会有优势,详见:《Avoid Large, Complex Layouts and Layout Thrashing》
参考:
扩展阅读: