JDBC(Java Data Base Connection)的作用是连接数据库
先看下jdbc连接SQLServer数据库的简单例子
代码实现(FirstJDBC):
package com.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class FirstJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//调用连接数据库的操作
Connection con = createConnection();
}
/**
* JDBC 建立 SQL Server数据库连接
*/
private static Connection createConnection() {
//定义加载驱动程序
String driverName = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";
//定义 连接 服务器 和 数据库sample
String dbURL = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433; DataBaseName = sample1" ;
//默认用户名,不要用windows默认身份验证
String userName = "sa" ;
String userPassword = "zhichao" ;
Connection connection = null ;
Statement sta = null ;
try {
//正式加载驱动
Class.forName(driverName);
//开始连接
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(dbURL, userName, userPassword);
System.out.println("Connection Success !");
//向数据库中执行SQL语句
sta = connection.createStatement() ;
ResultSet rs = sta.executeQuery("SELECT id,name,height From Table_1");
while(rs.next())
{
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
float height = rs.getFloat("height");
System.out.println("id = "+id+" name = "+name+" height = "+height);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Connection Fail !");
e.printStackTrace() ;
}
/**
* 关闭数据库
* @param connection
*/
finally
{
try {
if (null != sta)
{
sta.close() ;
sta = null;
System.out.println("Statement 关闭成功");
}
if (null != connection)
{
connection.close() ;
connection = null;
System.out.println("Connection 关闭成功");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace() ;
}
}
return connection ;
}
}
小结:
要写一个jdbc程序,先要加载相应数据库的驱动程序,驱动程序最好放在你建的工程里面,可以在你的工程下面建一个 lib文件夹以存储外部的jar文件,这样的话把你的工程拷贝到别的计算机运行,仍能成功执行。
jdbc代码一般步骤:
1)加载外部驱动程序(jar包)
2)正式加载驱动程序 (Class.forName(driverName) )
3)获取connection连接 (在jdk中的sql包中,只提供了一个类那就是DriverManeger,通过调用它的静态方法getConnection(),可以得到以数据库的连接
4)创建sql语句的声明(Statement),执行sql语句(查询),遍历结果集
5)关闭数据库连接(一般用finally{}来处理,或者调用方法的形式来完成,关闭之前先判断你要关闭的对象连接是否为空,如果空那会抛异常,所以先判断)
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------------Data Access Objects-------------------- ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
使用 DAO模式 来对数据库做增删改查操作
这种模式可以大概分为三个层:1.DAO层 2.服务层 3.表现层
1)表现层 :相当于客户端用来查看,提交信息的角色
2)服务层 :是表现层和DAO层的纽带,其实也没干什么事就是通知消息的角色
3)DAO :真正要做事的角色(对数据库的某些操作)
举个生活中的例子:
就好比你去餐厅吃饭,你充当一个 (表现层)的角色,然后有美女服务员(服务层),问你需要吃什么东西,给你下一张订单,让你填。之后服务员把订单传到 厨师(DAO层)那里,具体操作厨师会搞定,一段时间后厨师把做好的食物传给服务员,服务员把食物在传给客户,这些操作就算基本完成了。
执行顺序: 表现层-->服务层-->DAO层-->返回服务层-->返回表现层
来看看实现DAO模式的UML图:
代码实现:
1.Bean文件,在这主要作用(有点像中介存储的角色):当从数据库拿出数据后,一个个set到该类里,进行赋值,然后把该对象放到集合中,之后再get出来
Student.java
package com.myjdbc.bean;
public class Student {
private Integer stuId;
private String stuName ;
private Integer stuAge;
private String stuTel ;
private String stuAddress ;
private Integer groupId;
public Integer getStuId() {
return stuId;
}
public void setStuId(Integer stuId) {
this.stuId = stuId;
}
public String getStuName() {
return stuName;
}
public void setStuName(String stuName) {
this.stuName = stuName;
}
public Integer getStuAge() {
return stuAge;
}
public void setStuAge(Integer stuAge) {
this.stuAge = stuAge;
}
public String getStuTel() {
return stuTel;
}
public void setStuTel(String stuTel) {
this.stuTel = stuTel;
}
public String getStuAddress() {
return stuAddress;
}
public void setStuAddress(String stuAddress) {
this.stuAddress = stuAddress;
}
public Integer getGroupId() {
return groupId;
}
public void setGroupId(Integer groupId) {
this.groupId = groupId;
}
}
2.java连接数据库的基本操作及关闭,封装在一个类中
JDBCUtils.java
package com.myjdbc.utils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JDBCUtils {
/**
* 获取连接
*
*/
public static Connection getConnection()
{
String driverName = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";
String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433; DataBaseName = studentManager";
String user = "sa" ;
String password = "zhichao";
Connection con = null ;
try {
Class.forName(driverName);
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
System.out.println("success");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return con ;
}
/**
* 关闭连接
*/
public static void free(ResultSet rs, Statement sta , Connection con)
{
try {
if(null != rs)
{
rs.close();
rs = null ;
}
if(null != sta)
{
sta.close();
sta = null ;
}
if(null != con)
{
con.close();
con = null ;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.定义一个DAO接口
StudentDAO.java
package com.myjdbc.dao;
import java.util.Set;
import com.myjdbc.bean.Student ;
public interface StudentDAO {
public int addStudent(Student student) ;
public int deleteStudent(String name);
public int updateStudent(String name);
public Student findStudent(String name);
public Set<Student> findAll();
}
4.实现DAO接口的类,具体DAO,做重要工作的类
ConcreteStudentDao.java
package com.myjdbc.dao;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import com.myjdbc.bean.Student;
import com.myjdbc.dao.StudentDAO;
import com.myjdbc.utils.JDBCUtils;
public class ConcreteStudentDao implements StudentDAO{
//增加一个学生
public int addStudent(Student student)
{
Connection con = null ;
PreparedStatement ps = null ;
int i = 0 ;
try
{
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "insert into student(stuName,stuAge,stuTel,stuAddress,groupId) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, student.getStuName());
ps.setInt(2, student.getStuAge());
ps.setString(3, student.getStuTel());
ps.setString(4, student.getStuAddress());
ps.setInt(5, student.getGroupId());
i = ps.executeUpdate() ;
}
catch(SQLException e)
{
throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
}
finally
{
JDBCUtils.free(null, ps, con);
}
return i;
}
//删除一个学生
public int deleteStudent(String name)
{
Connection con = null ;
PreparedStatement ps = null ;
int i = 0 ;
try
{
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "delete from student where stuName =?";
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, name);
i = ps.executeUpdate() ;
}
catch(SQLException e)
{
throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
}
finally
{
JDBCUtils.free(null, ps, con);
}
return i;
}
//修改一个学生
public int updateStudent(String name)
{
Connection con = null ;
PreparedStatement ps = null ;
int i = 0 ;
try
{
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "update student set stuAge=stuAge+1 where stuName =?";
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, name);
i = ps.executeUpdate() ;
}
catch(SQLException e)
{
throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
}
finally
{
JDBCUtils.free(null, ps, con);
}
return i;
}
//查询一行
public Student findStudent(String name)
{
Connection con = null ;
PreparedStatement ps = null ;
Student stu = null ;
ResultSet rs = null;
try
{
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "select stuName,stuAge,stuTel,stuAddress,groupId from student where stuName =?";
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, name);
rs = ps.executeQuery() ;
stu = new Student();
while(rs.next())
{
stu.setStuName(rs.getString(1));
stu.setStuAge(rs.getInt(2));
stu.setStuTel(rs.getString(3));
stu.setStuAddress(rs.getString(4));
stu.setGroupId(rs.getInt(5));
}
}
catch(SQLException e)
{
throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
}
finally
{
JDBCUtils.free(rs, ps, con);
}
return stu;
}
//查询所有
public Set<Student> findAll()
{
Connection con = null ;
PreparedStatement ps = null ;
Student stu = null ;
ResultSet rs = null;
Set<Student> set = null ;
try
{
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "select stuName,stuAge,stuTel,stuAddress,groupId from student";
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
set = new HashSet<Student>() ;
rs = ps.executeQuery() ;
while(rs.next())
{
stu = new Student();
stu.setStuName(rs.getString(1));
stu.setStuAge(rs.getInt(2));
stu.setStuTel(rs.getString(3));
stu.setStuAddress(rs.getString(4));
stu.setGroupId(rs.getInt(5));
set.add(stu);
}
}
catch(SQLException e)
{
throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
}
finally
{
JDBCUtils.free(rs, ps, con);
}
return set;
}
}
5.自定义异常 继承了运行时异常,具体操作让父类实现
DAOException.java
package com.myjdbc.dao;
/**
* 自定义异常
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class DAOException extends RuntimeException {
public DAOException()
{
super();
}
public DAOException(String messege,Throwable cause)
{
super(messege,cause);
}
public DAOException(String messege)
{
super(messege);
}
public DAOException(Throwable cause)
{
super(cause);
}
}
6定义一个服务类(服务层),本来还要定义一个接口,这里简写了,客户与DAO的纽带,持有DAO对象的引用
StudentService.java
package com.myjdbc.service;
import java.util.Set;
import com.myjdbc.bean.Student;
import com.myjdbc.dao.StudentDAO;
import com.myjdbc.dao.ConcreteStudentDao;
public class StudentService {
StudentDAO sd = new ConcreteStudentDao();
public int add(Student student)
{
return this.sd.addStudent(student);
}
public int delete(String name)
{
return this.sd.deleteStudent(name);
}
public int update(String name)
{
return this.sd.updateStudent(name);
}
public Student find(String name)
{
return this.sd.findStudent(name);
}
public Set<Student> findAll()
{
return this.sd.findAll();
}
}
7.定义一个测试类,相当于 (表现层)
Client.java
package com.myjdbc.test;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import com.myjdbc.bean.Student;
import com.myjdbc.service.StudentService;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Student stu = new Student();
Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>();
// stu.setStuName("zhangsan");
// stu.setStuAge(20);
// stu.setStuTel("18779157911");
// stu.setStuAddress("china");
// stu.setGroupId(1);
StudentService ss = new StudentService();
//System.out.println(ss.add(stu));
//System.out.println(ss.delete("aa"));
//System.out.println(ss.update("bb"));
//stu = ss.find("cc");
//System.out.println(stu.getStuName() +" " +stu.getStuAge()+" "+stu.getStuTel()+" "+stu.getStuAddress()+" "+stu.getGroupId());
set = ss.findAll() ;
Iterator<Student> iterator = set.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext())
{
Student student = (Student)iterator.next() ;
System.out.println(student.getStuName() +" " +student.getStuAge()+" "+student.getStuTel()+" "+student.getStuAddress()+" "+student.getGroupId());
}
}
}