这种方式可以写超大的excel文件，如果直接采用poi写入方式，文件超过1M就需要配置tomcat内存，文件越大配置需求就越大，采用这种方式不需要对tomcat做任何配置。
package com.china.mobile.xls;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.IndexedColors;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class BigGridDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 第一步.创建一个临时的 excel 文件，配置单元格属性，数值格式。
FileOutputStream os;
XSSFWorkbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook();
XSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Big Grid");
os = new FileOutputStream("d:/template.xlsx");
wb.write(os);
os.close();
Map<String, XSSFCellStyle> styles = createStyles(wb);
String sheetRef = sheet.getPackagePart().getPartName().getName();
// 第二步，生成xml数据临时文件
File tmp = File.createTempFile("sheet", ".xml");
Writer fw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(tmp), "UTF-8");
generate(fw, styles);
fw.close();
// 第三步，创建ZIP输出流，将xml数据临时文件数据写入到ZIP文件中。
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("d:/big-grid.xlsx");
substitute(new File("d:/template.xlsx"), tmp, sheetRef.substring(1), out);
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 创建样式表
*/
private static Map<String, XSSFCellStyle> createStyles(XSSFWorkbook wb){
Map<String, XSSFCellStyle> styles = new HashMap<String, XSSFCellStyle>();
XSSFDataFormat fmt = wb.createDataFormat();
XSSFCellStyle style1 = wb.createCellStyle();
style1.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);
style1.setDataFormat(fmt.getFormat("0.0%"));
styles.put("percent", style1);
XSSFCellStyle style2 = wb.createCellStyle();
style2.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style2.setDataFormat(fmt.getFormat("0.0X"));
styles.put("coeff", style2);
XSSFCellStyle style3 = wb.createCellStyle();
style3.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);
style3.setDataFormat(fmt.getFormat("$#,##0.00"));
styles.put("currency", style3);
XSSFCellStyle style4 = wb.createCellStyle();
style4.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);
style4.setDataFormat(fmt.getFormat("mmm dd"));
styles.put("date", style4);
XSSFCellStyle style5 = wb.createCellStyle();
XSSFFont headerFont = wb.createFont();
headerFont.setBold(true);
style5.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.GREY_25_PERCENT.getIndex());
style5.setFillPattern(XSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style5.setFont(headerFont);
styles.put("header", style5);
return styles;
}
private static void generate(Writer out, Map<String, XSSFCellStyle> styles) throws Exception {
Random rnd = new Random();
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
SpreadsheetWriter sw = new SpreadsheetWriter(out);
sw.beginSheet();
//insert header row
sw.insertRow(0);
int styleIndex = styles.get("header").getIndex();
sw.createCell(0, "Title", styleIndex);
sw.createCell(1, "% Change", styleIndex);
sw.createCell(2, "Ratio", styleIndex);
sw.createCell(3, "Expenses", styleIndex);
sw.createCell(4, "Date", styleIndex);
sw.endRow();
//write data rows
for (int rownum = 1; rownum < 20; rownum++) {
sw.insertRow(rownum);
sw.createCell(0, "Hello, " + rownum + "!");
sw.createCell(1, (double)rnd.nextInt(100)/100, styles.get("percent").getIndex());
sw.createCell(2, (double)rnd.nextInt(10)/10, styles.get("coeff").getIndex());
sw.createCell(3, rnd.nextInt(10000), styles.get("currency").getIndex());
sw.createCell(4, calendar, styles.get("date").getIndex());
sw.endRow();
calendar.roll(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, 1);
}
sw.endSheet();
}
/**
*
* @param zipfile the template file
* @param tmpfile the XML file with the sheet data
* @param entry the name of the sheet entry to substitute, e.g. xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml
* @param out the stream to write the result to
*/
private static void substitute(File zipfile, File tmpfile, String entry, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
ZipFile zip = new ZipFile(zipfile);
ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(out);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Enumeration<ZipEntry> en = (Enumeration<ZipEntry>) zip.entries();
while (en.hasMoreElements()) {
ZipEntry ze = en.nextElement();
if(!ze.getName().equals(entry)){
zos.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(ze.getName()));
InputStream is = zip.getInputStream(ze);
copyStream(is, zos);
is.close();
}
}
zos.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(entry));
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(tmpfile);
copyStream(is, zos);
is.close();
zos.close();
}
private static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
byte[] chunk = new byte[1024];
int count;
while ((count = in.read(chunk)) >=0 ) {
out.write(chunk,0,count);
}
}
/**
* Writes spreadsheet data in a Writer.
* (YK: in future it may evolve in a full-featured API for streaming data in Excel)
*/
public static class SpreadsheetWriter {
private final Writer _out;
private int _rownum;
public SpreadsheetWriter(Writer out){
_out = out;
}
public void beginSheet() throws IOException {
_out.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\""+"UTF-8"+"\"?>" +
"<worksheet xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\">" );
_out.write("<sheetData>\n");
}
public void endSheet() throws IOException {
_out.write("</sheetData>");
_out.write("</worksheet>");
}
/**
* Insert a new row
*
* @param rownum 0-based row number
*/
public void insertRow(int rownum) throws IOException {
_out.write("<row r=\""+(rownum+1)+"\">\n");
this._rownum = rownum;
}
/**
* Insert row end marker
*/
public void endRow() throws IOException {
_out.write("</row>\n");
}
public void createCell(int columnIndex, String value, int styleIndex) throws IOException {
String ref = new CellReference(_rownum, columnIndex).formatAsString();
_out.write("<c r=\""+ref+"\" t=\"inlineStr\"");
if(styleIndex != -1) _out.write(" s=\""+styleIndex+"\"");
_out.write(">");
_out.write("<is><t>"+value+"</t></is>");
_out.write("</c>");
}
public void createCell(int columnIndex, String value) throws IOException {
createCell(columnIndex, value, -1);
}
public void createCell(int columnIndex, double value, int styleIndex) throws IOException {
String ref = new CellReference(_rownum, columnIndex).formatAsString();
_out.write("<c r=\""+ref+"\" t=\"n\"");
if(styleIndex != -1) _out.write(" s=\""+styleIndex+"\"");
_out.write(">");
_out.write("<v>"+value+"</v>");
_out.write("</c>");
}
public void createCell(int columnIndex, double value) throws IOException {
createCell(columnIndex, value, -1);
}
public void createCell(int columnIndex, Calendar value, int styleIndex) throws IOException {
createCell(columnIndex, DateUtil.getExcelDate(value, false), styleIndex);
}
}
}